Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes a first solid-state-based illumination module, a second solid-state-based illumination module, and a superposition unit, which couples first and the second luminescence radiation into an illumination beam path, in which said radiation is guided up to the end of the illumination beam path in order to illuminate a light modulator. A filter unit which filters light with a second color from the first luminescence radiation with a first color and from the second luminescence radiation such that light with the first and second color is present at the end of the illumination beam path.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus for a projector that includes a light modulator is provided. The illumination apparatus includes a first illumination module emitting first radiation, a second illumination module emitting second radiation, a light mixing rod extending in the axial direction and a superposition unit, which superposes the first and second radiation and couples this into the light mixing rod. The superposition unit includes a first imaging optical unit which focuses the first radiation into the light mixing rod such that a first focus is present, and a second imaging optical unit which focuses the second radiation into the light mixing rod such that a second focus is present. The first focus is spaced apart from the second focus in the axial direction.

Abstract: In a projector for projecting a multi-colored image, a control unit actuates each color channel with reference to fed-in image data such that one of the color subframes of the multi-colored image to be projected is generated. A projection optical system images the generated color subframes onto a projection surface such that the color subframes can be perceived as the multi-colored image to be projected. Each color channel is formed for the generation of a color subframe of a predetermined base color. The color location of the predetermined base color varies with the lightness to be generated. The control unit controls each color channel such that, for at least one picture point in the multi-colored image, the color location shift of the predetermined target color location caused by the color channel or the color channels is compensated for while retaining the target lightness.

Abstract: The control unit of a projector drives modulators for the range of brightness of the image data with a first resolution of NN levels, wherein NN is an integer greater than one. The control unit applies a predefined brightness change to the brightness value in accordance with the image data for the image point such that a changed brightness value having a second resolution, which is greater than the first resolution, is calculated, and converts the changed brightness value into the increased brightness value such that it has the first resolution and is greater than a notional comparison value having the first resolution that arises if the predefined brightness change is applied to the brightness value in accordance with the image data, with the result that the control unit drives one of the modulators for a pixel to be boosted with the increased brightness value having the first resolution.

Abstract: The control unit of a projector drives modulators for the range of brightness of the image data with a first resolution of NN levels, wherein NN is an integer greater than one. The control unit applies a predefined brightness change to the brightness value in accordance with the image data for the image point such that a changed brightness value having a second resolution, which is greater than the first resolution, is calculated, and converts the changed brightness value into the increased brightness value such that it has the first resolution and is greater than a notional comparison value having the first resolution that arises if the predefined brightness change is applied to the brightness value in accordance with the image data, with the result that the control unit drives one of the modulators for a pixel to be boosted with the increased brightness value having the first resolution.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes a first solid-state-based illumination module, a second solid-state-based illumination module, and a superposition unit, which couples first and the second luminescence radiation into an illumination beam path, in which said radiation is guided up to the end of the illumination beam path in order to illuminate a light modulator. A filter unit which filters light with a second color from the first luminescence radiation with a first color and from the second luminescence radiation such that light with the first and second color is present at the end of the illumination beam path.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus for a projector that includes a light modulator is provided. The illumination apparatus includes a first illumination module emitting first radiation, a second illumination module emitting second radiation, a light mixing rod extending in the axial direction and a superposition unit, which superposes the first and second radiation and couples this into the light mixing rod. The superposition unit includes a first imaging optical unit which focuses the first radiation into the light mixing rod such that a first focus is present, and a second imaging optical unit which focuses the second radiation into the light mixing rod such that a second focus is present. The first focus is spaced apart from the second focus in the axial direction.

Abstract: An illumination device includes a light source unit and a filter wheel. The filter surface of the filter wheel includes a first surface segment and a second surface segment arranged behind the first surface segment in the direction of rotation. When the filter surface is rotated, the first and second surface segments successively extend into the illumination beam path. The first surface segment transmits only a first part of the spectrum of the emitted light and the second surface segment transmits only a different second part of the emitted light. The control unit controls the light source unit and drives the filter wheel so the light with the different spectra is emitted sequentially in time for a predetermined partial illumination duration. During the partial illumination duration of the emitted light with the first spectrum, the first or second surface segment extends into the illumination beam path.

Abstract: In a projector for projecting a multi-colored image, a control unit actuates each color channel with reference to fed-in image data such that one of the color subframes of the multi-colored image to be projected is generated. A projection optical system images the generated color subframes onto a projection surface such that the color subframes can be perceived as the multi-colored image to be projected. Each color channel is formed for the generation of a color subframe of a predetermined base color. The color location of the predetermined base color varies with the lightness to be generated. The control unit controls each color channel such that, for at least one picture point in the multi-colored image, the color location shift of the predetermined target color location caused by the color channel or the color channels is compensated for while retaining the target lightness.

Abstract: An illumination device includes a light source unit and a filter wheel. The filter surface of the filter wheel includes a first surface segment and a second surface segment arranged behind the first surface segment in the direction of rotation. When the filter surface is rotated, the first and second surface segments successively extend into the illumination beam path. The first surface segment transmits only a first part of the spectrum of the emitted light and the second surface segment transmits only a different second part of the emitted light. The control unit controls the light source unit and drives the filter wheel so the light with the different spectra is emitted sequentially in time for a predetermined partial illumination duration. During the partial illumination duration of the emitted light with the first spectrum, the first or second surface segment extends into the illumination beam path.

Abstract: Each modulator of an image projector includes multiple pixels arranged in rows and columns, switchable independently of each other into a first state, in which light incident on them is used to generate an image, and into a second state, in which light incident on them is not used to generate an image. At least one first pixel is assigned to each second pixel such that the imaging optical system a) strikes the second pixel with light from the respective assigned first pixel when the assigned first pixel is switched into the first state, in order to illuminate the second pixel actively, and b) does not strike the second pixel it with light from the respective assigned first pixel when the assigned first pixel is switched into the second state, in order not to illuminate the second pixel actively. A control unit that controls the modulators is also disclosed.

Abstract: Each modulator of an image projector includes multiple pixels arranged in rows and columns, switchable independently of each other into a first state, in which light incident on them is used to generate an image, and into a second state, in which light incident on them is not used to generate an image. At least one first pixel is assigned to each second pixel such that the imaging optical system a) strikes the second pixel with light from the respective assigned first pixel when the assigned first pixel is switched into the first state, in order to illuminate the second pixel actively, and b) does not strike the second pixel it with light from the respective assigned first pixel when the assigned first pixel is switched into the second state, in order not to illuminate the second pixel actively. A control unit that controls the modulators is also disclosed.

Abstract: A projection objective of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes a wavefront correction device including a refractive optical element that has two opposite optical surfaces, through which projection light passes, and a circumferential rim surface extending between the two optical surfaces. A first and a second optical system are configured to direct first and second heating light to different portions of the rim surface such that at least a portion of the first and second heating light enters the refractive optical element. A temperature distribution caused by a partial absorption of the heating light results in a refractive index distribution inside the refractive optical element that corrects a wavefront error. At least the first optical system includes a focusing optical element that focuses the first heating light in a focal area such that the first heating light emerging from the focal area impinges on the rim surface.

Abstract: An optical observation instrument has two optical transmission channels for transmitting two partial ray bundles (9A, 9B). The optical observation instrument has a main objective (1) common to the optical transmission channels, an electronic image sensor (7) for sequentially recording the partial ray bundles (9A, 9B), an intermediate imaging optical system (3) between the main objective (1) and the image sensor (7) and common to the optical transmission channels, and a tilting mirror matrix (5) between the main objective (1) and the image sensor (7). The intermediate imaging optical system (3) is arranged so that the respective partial ray bundle (9A, 9B) is deflected toward the image sensor (7) and passes the intermediate imaging optical system (3) both on the way from the main objective (1) to the tilting mirror matrix (5) and on the way from the tilting mirror matrix (5) to the image sensor (7).

Abstract: A projection objective of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus comprises a wavefront correction device comprising a refractive optical element that has two opposite optical surfaces, through which projection light passes, and a circumferential rim surface extending between the two optical surfaces. A first and a second optical system are configured to direct first and second heating light to different portions of the rim surface such that at least a portion of the first and second heating light enters the refractive optical element. A temperature distribution caused by a partial absorption of the heating light results in a refractive index distribution inside the refractive optical element that corrects a wavefront error. At least the first optical system comprises a focusing optical element that focuses the first heating light in a focal area such that the first heating light emerging from the focal area impinges on the rim surface.

Abstract: An optical observation instrument has two optical transmission channels for transmitting two partial ray bundles (9A, 9B). The optical observation instrument has a main objective (1) common to the optical transmission channels, an electronic image sensor (7) for sequentially recording the partial ray bundles (9A, 9B), an intermediate imaging optical system (3) between the main objective (1) and the image sensor (7) and common to the optical transmission channels, and a tilting mirror matrix (5) between the main objective (1) and the image sensor (7). The intermediate imaging optical system (3) is arranged so that the respective partial ray bundle (9A, 9B) is deflected toward the image sensor (7) and passes the intermediate imaging optical system (3) both on the way from the main objective (1) to the tilting mirror matrix (5) and on the way from the tilting mirror matrix (5) to the image sensor (7).

Abstract: A light-emitting module is specified, comprising at least two light sources disposed on a common carrier. At least one of said light sources includes at least two LED chips. Each light source of the module is followed downstream by an optic body of an optical element, and the optic bodies are suitable for guiding electromagnetic radiation to a light exit surface of the optical element. An optical projection apparatus comprising such a light-emitting module is also specified.

Abstract: The invention relates to an illuminating device for microscopes, wherein the light source has, in particular, a white light illumination having total daylight spectrum and/or an excitation light source for fluorescent colors. The inventive illuminating device for a microscope consists of surface or spatially arranged light sources, which are connected to a control unit for generating any desired illuminating patterns and illuminating spectrums, and an illuminating optic to image these illuminating patterns on the object to be examined. The light sources consist of LEDs (11) which excite at least one luminescence color (14) which is adapted to the wavelength which is emitted by the LEDs (11). The LEDs (11) are arranged concentrically to the optical axis of the illuminating device, preferably, in or in the vicinity of the aperture diaphragm plane.

Abstract: An arrangement for the illumination of a field which uses, as a combined light source, three groups of LEDs which emit light bundles in different colors (R, G, B). The light bundles—considered in the direction of light propagation—pass collector optics, a device for combining the light bundles, and in-coupling optics. There are three light sources, each comprising a matrix of red LEDs, green LEDs, or blue LEDs, the light-emitting surface of each LED matrix being coupled with a light inlet face of a concentrator, each concentrator opening in a funnel-shaped manner in the light propagation direction. The collector optics and in-coupling optics are dimensioned in such a way that the surface shape of every light-emitting surface of the concentrators is transmitted to a light inlet face of the light mixing rod in such a way that they are congruently superimposed on one another.

Abstract: A light-emitting module is specified, comprising at least two light sources disposed on a common carrier. At least one of said light sources includes at least two LED chips. Each light source (1) of the module is followed downstream by an optic body of an optical element, and the optic bodies are suitable for guiding electromagnetic radiation to a light exit surface of the optical element. An optical projection apparatus comprising such a light-emitting module is also specified.