Abstract: Phased array antenna systems are disclosed. An antenna system as disclosed herein can include a plurality of antenna or radiating elements formed on a common plane comprising a first surface of a circuit board. Each antenna element has one or more feeds. Integrated circuits are placed on a second surface of the circuit board. Each integrated circuit is associated with one or more of the antenna elements. Signal lines connecting an integrated circuit to a feed of an antenna element can be shielded using interlayer ground planes and interlayer conductive plugs. In addition, back surfaces of the integrated circuits can be connected to a common heatsink using a thermally conductive medium.

Abstract: Phased array antenna systems are disclosed. An antenna system as disclosed herein can include a plurality of antenna or radiating elements formed on a common plane comprising a first surface of a circuit board. Each antenna element has one or more feeds. Integrated circuits are placed on a second surface of the circuit board. Each integrated circuit is associated with one or more of the antenna elements. Signal lines connecting an integrated circuit to a feed of an antenna element can be shielded using interlayer ground planes and interlayer conductive plugs. In addition, back surfaces of the integrated circuits can be connected to a common heatsink using a thermally conductive medium.

Abstract: A multilayer insulation is provided. The multilayer insulation includes a plurality of layers of material separated from one another by post elements. The interior of the integrated multilayer insulation can be filled with a selected gas. Moreover, the gas can be held in an interior volume of the integrated multilayer insulation at a pressure greater than ambient pressure, or flowed through the interior volume of the integrated multilayer insulation. The integrated multilayer insulation can be placed directly over an object to be insulated, or over a cellular insulation structure that is placed directly on the object to be insulated.