Abstract: An integrated method to synthesize silica nanoparticles and recover critical metals from leachates produced from mineral carbonation. The method includes adding a zwitterion (e.g., an amino acid) into a Si-rich carbonation leachate, where the zwitterion instigates silica precipitation by complexing with aqueous Si species and serving as nucleation agents. During this process, the pH of the leachate is minimally affected, allowing the solution to be recycled for mineral carbonation. The resulting silica nanoparticles can be filtered out, washed with a mild acidic solution to remove impurities, and resuspended in a basic solution. The critical metals retained in the leachate after silica precipitation can be recovered using chemical precipitation or electrodialysis.

Abstract: A solid amino acid-based CO2 sorbent derived from silk fibroin, and the use of the sorbent for CO2 capture. The silk fibroin may be provided in the form of nanoparticles or an aerogel, free of solid or porous support. Mechanical reinforcements using materials such as graphene nanorods could be incorporated for enhancing mechanical rigidity and long-term operational stability. The silk fibroin-based sorbent offers high CO2 adsorption capacity, low CO2 desorption temperature, high thermal stability, natural synthesis, eco-friendly nature, light weight, and high level of mechanical flexibility, making it a superior CO2 adsorber.

Abstract: A method to produce cementitious materials from low-cost fillers and use of the cementitious materials as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). The method comprises coating filler particles (e.g., limestone particles) with fine pozzolanic particles (e.g., nanosilica particles), producing composite particles with inert cores and reactive surfaces. When introduced into a cementitious environment, the reactive coating is converted to a binder (e.g., calcium-silicate-hydrate) through pozzolanic or similar reactions, cementing the filler particles together.

Abstract: Divalent ions are extracted from solids by leaching to form a divalent ion-containing solution. The divalent ion-containing solution is subjected to concentration to form a concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. Precipitation of a divalent ion hydroxide salt is induced from the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. In other cases, the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution is exposed to carbon dioxide to induce precipitation of a divalent ion carbonate salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for inducing tolerance and/or suppressing an immune response to an antigen by passing a cell suspension containing an anucleate cell through a constriction, wherein the constriction deforms the cell thereby causing a perturbation of the cell such that an antigen and/or tolerogenic factor enters the cell. In some embodiments, the anucleate cell is delivered to an individual and the antigen is delivered to and processed in a tolerogenic environment to induce tolerance and/or suppress an immune response to the antigen.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon negative cementitious materials utilizing a carbon mineralization-based direct-air capture process. The method comprises a mineralization step wherein a mineral feedstock is contacted with an aqueous carbonate solution at a high initial pH to form a carbonated feedstock containing reactive silica, along with an alkaline solution containing dissolved aluminum. The resulting alkaline solution is then contacted with gaseous carbon dioxide to form a carbonate solution that can be recycled for use in the mineralization step. The dissolved aluminum in the alkaline solution precipitates during carbon dioxide capture and is subsequently redissolved in a hydroxide solution to form alumina. The alumina can be combined with the carbonated feedstock to create geopolymer concrete.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon negative supplementary cementitious materials utilizing a carbon mineralization-based direct air capture process. One version of the method comprises pre-treating a mineral feedstock with an alkaline solution, resulting in a pre-treated feedstock and an alkaline solution comprising dissolved alumina or silica. The pre-treated feedstock has enhanced carbonation reactivity in the subsequent carbon mineralization-based direct air capture process. Another version of the method comprises post-treating precipitates yielded from carbon mineralization-based direct air capture process of a mineral feedstock with an alkaline solution, resulting in a residue and an alkaline solution comprising dissolved alumina or silica. The alkaline solutions resulted from the pre- and post-treatments can be directly used as supplementary cementitious materials, or as a sorbent solution for carbon capture.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for inducing tolerance and/or suppressing an immune response to an antigen by passing a cell suspension containing an anucleate cell through a constriction, wherein the constriction deforms the cell thereby causing a perturbation of the cell such that an antigen and/or tolerogenic factor enters the cell. In some embodiments, the anucleate cell is delivered to an individual and the antigen is delivered to and processed in a tolerogenic environment to induce tolerance and/or suppress an immune response to the antigen.

Abstract: A method of making a composition of matter comprising calcium hydroxide. The method includes the steps of contacting a calcium-containing molecule with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble salt having ammonium cation and a counter-anion, under conditions effective to yield a compound containing calcium and the counter-anion; and reacting the compound comprising calcium and the counter-anion with ammonia and water under conditions to yield calcium hydroxide.

Abstract: A manufacturing process of a concrete product includes: (1) extracting calcium from solids as portlandite; (2) forming a cementitious slurry including the portlandite; (3) shaping the cementitious slurry into a structural component; and (4) exposing the structural component to carbon dioxide sourced from a flue gas stream, thereby forming the concrete product.

Abstract: A manufacturing process of a concrete product includes: (1) extracting calcium from solids as portlandite; (2) forming a cementitious slurry including the portlandite; (3) shaping the cementitious slurry into a structural component; and (4) exposing the structural component to carbon dioxide sourced from a flue gas stream, thereby forming the concrete product.

Abstract: A method includes: (1) using a chelating agent, extracting divalent ions from a brine solution as complexes of the chelating agent and the divalent ions; (2) using a weak acid, regenerating the chelating agent and producing a divalent ion salt solution; and (3) introducing carbon dioxide to the divalent ion salt solution to induce precipitation of the divalent ions as a carbonate salt. Another method includes: (1) combining water with carbon dioxide to produce a carbon dioxide solution; (2) introducing an ion exchanger to the carbon dioxide solution to induce exchange of alkali metal cations included in the ion exchanger with protons included in the carbon dioxide solution and to produce a bicarbonate salt solution of the alkali metal cations; and (3) introducing a brine solution to the bicarbonate salt solution to induce precipitation of divalent ions from the brine solution as a carbonate salt.

Abstract: A manufacturing process of a concrete product includes: (1) extracting calcium from solids as portlandite; (2) forming a cementitious slurry including the portlandite; (3) shaping the cementitious slurry into a structural component; and (4) exposing the structural component to carbon dioxide sourced from a flue gas stream, thereby forming the concrete product.

Abstract: A method of processing map data, an electronic device, and a storage medium, which relate to a field of a computer technology, in particular to fields of intelligent transportation technology, image processing technology, etc. The method of processing the map data includes: processing sensor data for a traffic object to obtain point cloud data for the traffic object, where the sensor data includes image data; obtaining mesh data based on the point cloud data; processing the image data based on an association between the mesh data and the image data, so as to obtain processed image data; and obtaining the map data for the traffic object based on the processed image data.

Abstract: Divalent ions are extracted from solids by leaching to form a divalent ion-containing solution. The divalent ion-containing solution is subjected to concentration to form a concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. Precipitation of a divalent ion hydroxide salt is induced from the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. In other cases, the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution is exposed to carbon dioxide to induce precipitation of a divalent ion carbonate salt.

Abstract: A method of reducing sulfur concentration in fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) ash, and mixtures thereof by contacting the fly ash, FGD ash, or mixtures thereof with an aqueous acidic solution, for a time, at a temperature, and at a liquid-to-solid ratio wherein the sulfur concentration within the fly ash, FGD ash, or mixture thereof is reduced to no more than 5 wt % SO3 based on the total weight of dry fly ash, FGD ash, or mixture thereof so treated.

Abstract: A method includes: (1) using a chelating agent, extracting divalent ions from a brine solution as complexes of the chelating agent and the divalent ions; (2) using a weak acid, regenerating the chelating agent and producing a divalent ion salt solution; and (3) introducing carbon dioxide to the divalent ion salt solution to induce precipitation of the divalent ions as a carbonate salt. Another method includes: (1) combining water with carbon dioxide to produce a carbon dioxide solution; (2) introducing an ion exchanger to the carbon dioxide solution to induce exchange of alkali metal cations included in the ion exchanger with protons included in the carbon dioxide solution and to produce a bicarbonate salt solution of the alkali metal cations; and (3) introducing a brine solution to the bicarbonate salt solution to induce precipitation of divalent ions from the brine solution as a carbonate salt.

Abstract: A method of sequestering gaseous carbon dioxide in which an oxide is carbonated by contacting it with a first aqueous carbonate solution to convert a portion of the oxide into a carbonate, which precipitates from solution. By converting the oxide to a solid carbonate, the CO2 from the first carbonate solution is sequestered into the precipitate. At the same time, an aqueous hydroxide solution is formed. The aqueous hydroxide solution is contacted with gaseous carbon dioxide which sequesters the gaseous CO2 into a second aqueous carbonate solution. The second solution so generated is then recycled back into the process and used to convert the oxide into the precipitated carbonate.

Abstract: Divalent ions are extracted from solids by leaching to form a divalent ion-containing solution. The divalent ion-containing solution is subjected to concentration to form a concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. Precipitation of a divalent ion hydroxide salt is induced from the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. In other cases, the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution is exposed to carbon dioxide to induce precipitation of a divalent ion carbonate salt.

Abstract: A manufacturing process of a concrete product includes: (1) extracting calcium from solids as portlandite; (2) forming a cementitious slurry including the portlandite; (3) shaping the cementitious slurry into a structural component; and (4) exposing the structural component to carbon dioxide sourced from a flue gas stream, thereby forming the concrete product.