Abstract: Energy-conserving incandescent lamp wherein the envelope has provided on the interior surface thereof a very efficient and economically applied heat mirror which is highly transmissive for visible radiations and highly reflective for infrared radiations, thereby to enhance the conversion of electric energy to visible energy. The heat-mirror coating comprises a two layer Ag/TiO.sub.2 or a three layer TiO.sub.2 /Ag/TiO.sub.2 coating of predetermined thickness. The three layer coating is formed by first applying to the envelope interior surface a thin layer of clear aliphatic alcohol solution having contained therein partially hydrolyzed metallic alkoxide which substantially comprises titanium alkoxide, and which solution contains at most only a limited amount of selected mineral acid. The applied clear solution layer is heat treated to convert same to a thin continuous layer substantially comprising titania.

Abstract: Energy-conserving incandescent lamp wherein the envelope has provided on the interior surface thereof a very efficient and economically applied heat mirror which is highly transmissive for visible radiations and highly reflective for infrared radiations, thereby to enhance the conversion of electric energy to visible energy. The heat-mirror coating comprises a two layer Ag/TiO.sub.2 or a three layer TiO.sub.2 /Ag/TiO.sub.2 coating of predetermined thickness. The three layer coating is formed by first applying to the envelope interior surface a thin layer of clear aliphatic alcohol solution having contained therein partially hydrolyzed metallic alkoxide which substantially comprises titanium alkoxide, and which solution contains at most only a limited amount of selected mineral acid. The applied clear solution layer is heat treated to convert same to a thin continuous layer substantially comprising titania.

Abstract: Method for forming conductive, transparent coating such as may be used on the interior surface of a vitreous tubular member. In a carrier gas and exterior to the member to be coated, there is formed a vapor from a material substantially comprising organic tin halide compound having a predetermined condensation temperature and a predetermined decomposition temperature, with the temperature of the carrier gas and the formed vapor maintained between these temperatures. The member to be coated is heated to a temperature greater than the decomposition temperature of the organic tin halide compound and the heated carrier gas and formed vapor are longitudinally flowed through the heated tubular member. Upon contact with the heated tubular member, the vapor breaks down to form the transparent conducting coating. The carrier gas and residual heated vapor are flowed out of the member being coated and are cooled to condense and collect the residual material.

Abstract: High-temperature-resistant transparent monolithic member or coating on a substrate consisting of aluminum and silicon in an atom ratio of about 2:1 and in reacted oxide form. The member or coating is formed by reacting precursor alkoxides of aluminum and silicon in the presence of water or reacting precursors derived from these alkoxides, gelling the reacted precursors, and drying the gel in the form of a monolithic member or coating. The dried member is then heated to evolve all residual hydrogen and carbon and residual water and to eliminate porosity to form the monolithic member or coating.

Abstract: Method for forming clear vitreous material substantially comprising silica-titania binary which contains up to about 40 mole percent titania without melting the constituents used in forming the material. There is separately prepared a clear organic-solvent-solution of partially hydrolyzed alkoxide of one of the binary members. To this prepared solution is added the other binary member either in the form of alkoxide or a clear organic-solvent solution of partially hydrolyzed alkoxide of the other member. The mixed solutions are reacted and additional water is added as required to complete the hydrolysis of the alkoxide. The resulting product is dried and then heated at a relatively low temperature to evolve residual organic components.

Abstract: A mirror is made by applying a coating to a highly reflective surface of a substrate. The coating is prepared from a composition of an alkoxide having the general formula M(OR).sub.n, where M is 0 to 100% titanium, 0 to 25% silicon, 0 to 100% tantalum, or 0 to 15% of a metal ion which forms an alkoxide, R is alkyl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 and n is the valence of M, about 1.7 to about 8 moles of water per mole of alkoxide, sufficient alcohol to give a solids content of about 0.5 to about 15%, and a sufficient amount of a suitable acid to prevent cloudiness. The coated substrate is fired at about 200.degree. to about 600.degree. C. to form an oxide coating which is substantially oxygen impervious. Additional layers of the coating may be applied and fired until the oxide coating is about 200 to about 5000A thick, avoiding quarter-wave thicknesses.

Abstract: A method of forming an optically clear, thin metal oxide, porous layer on a vitreous glass substrate, with this metal oxide layer having a low index of refraction. A clear colloidal solution is prepared using metal alkoxide and the substrate is dipped in this solution. The concentration of metal oxide equivalent in the solution, and the rate of withdrawal of the glass substrate from the solution are controlled to form the porous metal oxide layer on the substrate with the layer being about a quarter-wavelength optically thick. This low index of refraction metal oxide layer forms an effective antireflective layer on a vitreous substrate of higher index of refraction, and minimize reflection from the substratemetal oxide layer interface.

Abstract: The PN juncture in a silicon chip and an oxide coating on its surface are simultaneously formed from clear solution derived from titanium alkoxides, water, alcohol, a suitable acid, and a P or N dopant compound by partial hydrolysis and polymerization. The solution is applied to the surface of a silicon chip. The chip is then heated which converts the solution to a solid oxide coating which meets the antireflective optical film requirements and induces the migration of the dopants into the chip, forming a PN junction in the chip. The method also provides deep and uniform junction formation or diffusion without resulting in excessive carrier concentration.

Abstract: A sodium Beta-alumina thin film is coated onto a supporting substrate by forming an agglomerate-free, hydrolyzed sol, principally comprising an electrically surface active polymer formed by the hydrolysis and peptization of sodium and aluminum alkoxides, which is applied to the substrate. The substrate and applied sol are then heated to crystallize the polymer and form a solid film having pores with radii of up to about 250 Angstrom units.

Abstract: Mercury metal-halide HID lamp having a discharge-sustaining filling comprising sodium halide and scandium halide is improved by providing a thin transparent layer comprising boron oxide adhered to and reacted with the exterior surface portion of the vitreous silica arc tube. Such a coating substantially inhibits migration of sodium ions through the arc tube. The coating also imparts devitrification resistance to any vibreous silica surface to which it is applied. The layer comprising boron oxide preferably is applied to the vitreous silica substrate by forming a clear, partially hydrolyzed solution principally comprising boron alkoxide and silicon alkoxide which is applied to the vitreous silica substrate. The substrate and applied solution are then heated to react the glass-forming constituents of the applied solution with the arc tube.

Abstract: A liquid polymer is formed in a low temperature polymerization reaction involving organo-metallic sodium and aluminum compounds, at least one of which is partially hydrolyzed. The polymer is hydrolyzed, dried to form an amorphous sodium Beta-alumina precursor, and then heated, at between 1,200.degree. C. and about 1,550.degree. C., to form a ceramic, comprising ion-conductive sodium Beta-alumina which is useful as a solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A glass encapsulated semiconductor diode and a method for glass encapsulation of a fusion to form a semiconductor diode is disclosed. The fusion comprises a body of semiconductor material having a PN junction therein and metal electrodes affixed to opposed major surfaces thereof. The fusion is encircled by a ring-shaped glass member with an inner surface of the ring-shaped glass member fused to an edge surface of the body of semiconductor material to form a protective layer overlying the PN junction. The ring-shaped glass member is formed and fused to the edge of the body of semiconductor material by placing the fushion and a prefabricated glass ring, preferably cut from stress relieved glass tubing, encircling the fusion in a furnace. A weight is applied to the upper surface of the prefabricated glass ring.

Abstract: A transparent, activated, nonparticulate alumina with a total porosity of about 63% which consists of a unique pore morphology and size distribution and is thermally stable up to about 1,200.degree.C. at which temperature it can be nondestructively converted to alpha alumina is disclosed as well as a method of preparing said alumina by hydrolyzing aluminum alkoxides to form a particular sol which is essentially clear to the naked eye and the gel of which retains its integrity during drying and pyrolysis. The alumina thus produced is useful as a catalyst, absorbent and desiccant. In addition, a method of preparing the intermediate clear colloidal sol or gel consisting essentially of aluminum monohydrate is disclosed. This intermediate can be used to coat various substrates.

Abstract: A transparent, activated, nonparticulate alumina with a total porosity of about 63% which consists of a unique pore morphology and size distribution and is thermally stable up to about 1200.degree.C. at which temperature it can be nondestructively converted to alpha alumina is disclosed as well as a method of preparing said alumina by hydrolyzing aluminum alkoxides to form a particular sol which is essentially clear to the naked eye and the gel of which retains its integrity during drying and pyrolysis. The alumina thus produced is useful as a catalyst, absorbent and desiccant. In addition, a method of preparing the intermediate clear colloidal sol or gel consisting essentially of aluminum monohydrate is disclosed. This intermediate can be used to coat various substrates.