Abstract: Provided is a method of restricting use of contents in a virtual system comprising at least one virtual machine implemented by applying virtualization technology to a predetermined device. The method includes: reading a first device identifier from the device in order to identify the device; reading a second device identifier, which is a device identifier allocated to the at least one virtual machine, from the at least one virtual machine; determining whether the first device identifier is identical to the second device identifier; and selectively restricting use of contents in the at least one virtual machine based on a result of the determining.

Abstract: A printed circuit board and a method of manufacturing the printed circuit board are disclosed. The printed circuit board can include a first insulation layer, a second insulation layer stacked over the first insulation layer, a circuit pattern and a via land buried in the second insulation layer, and a via made of a conductive material penetrating the first insulation layer and integrated with the via land. The circuit pattern and via land can be buried in the insulation material, and the circuit pattern, via land, and via can be formed simultaneously as an integrated structure. Thus, the electrical reliability between the wiring pattern and the via can be increased, the heat-releasing effect of the via can be improved, and the procedure for forming the circuit patterns, via lands, and vias can be simplified, allowing greater productivity in manufacturing the substrate.

Abstract: Provided are methods of generating and verifying an electronic signature of software data, wherein software data is split into a plurality of blocks, electronic signatures corresponding to each of the blocks are generated, and some of the electronic signatures are randomly selected for verification. Accordingly, a time required for verifying an electronic signature can be reduced while maintaining the advantages of an electronic signature system.

Abstract: Provided are a method of issuing a DRM (digital rights management) key by using a CE (consumer electronics) device management server. The method includes: authenticating the CE device; if authentication of the CE device succeeds, transmitting a request for issuing the DRM key to a key server for storing and managing the DRM key; receiving the DRM key from the key server; and transmitting the DRM key to the CE device. Thus, the CE device can conveniently and safely receive the DRM key.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing a printed circuit board using paste bumps includes perforating a core board to form at least one via hole, filling the at least one via hole by fill-plating and forming a circuit pattern on at least one surface of the core board, stacking a paste bump board on at least one surface of the core board, and forming an outer layer circuit on a surface of the paste bump board. The method provides a structurally stable all-layer IVH structure due to increased strength in the BVH's of the plated core boards and the interlayer connection area is increased between circuit patterns for improved connection reliability, and dimple coverage can be obtained.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes stacking a spin on carbon (SOC) layer and an multifunction hard mask (MFHM) layer on a substrate, forming a photoresist pattern over the MFHM layer, first etching the MFHM layer using a first amount of a fluorine-based gas, second etching the MFHM layer using a second amount of a fluorine-based gas, wherein the second amount is less than the first amount, etching the SOC layer using the MFHM layer as an etch barrier, and etching the substrate using the SOC layer and the MFHM layer as an etch barrier.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of checking adjacency between devices are provided. A challenge response based round trip time (RTT) checking method includes: generating a random number; encrypting the random number using a symmetrical key; transmitting a challenge request message including the encrypted random number to a device; receiving a challenge response message including the random number from the device which received the challenge request message and decrypted the encrypted random number using the symmetrical key, from the device; and determining an RTT based on a time when the challenge response message is received and a time when the challenge request message is transmitted.

Abstract: A method of restricting operation of a device is provided. Based on a revocation list, which is a list regarding revoked devices, the method determines whether the device is the revoked device, based on the determination, decides whether to operate a Digital Rights Management (DRM) module of the device, and based on the decision, selectively restricts the operation of the device.

Abstract: A method of processing digital content performed by an apparatus for storing digital content. In the method, a hardware regional code extracted from a memory of a content storage device is compared with a firmware regional code extracted from firmware, and the digital content is selectively encrypted and stored according to a corresponding regional code only when the hardware regional code matches the firmware regional code.

Abstract: A printed circuit board using paste bumps and manufacturing method thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for checking the integrity of firmware. The method includes storing a first hash function value of unhacked firmware for determining whether actual firmware of an external processor has been hacked; reading the actual firmware via a bus; calculating a second hash function value of the actual firmware; comparing the first hash function value with the second hash function value; and sharing a bus key with the external processor, based on the comparison result.

Abstract: Provided are a transport stream structure of image data, a transmitting and receiving apparatus and method thereof. A transport stream structure of image data includes a header compressed by a lossless compression algorithm; an additional information field for additional information of image data, the additional information field being generated based on compressing the header by using the lossless compression algorithm; and a payload including the image data. The transport stream structure of the image data, the transmitting and receiving apparatus and method thereof enables inserting the additional information without changing the size of the related art transport stream structure of the image data.

Abstract: Methods of encrypting and decrypting data, and a bus system using the methods are provided. The method of encrypting data includes: performing an operation on data that is to be transmitted through a bus with a key stream generated from a predetermined key so as to encrypt the data; transmitting the encrypted data to a predetermined module through the bus; and transmitting a synchronization signal that is logic high when the encrypted data is transmitted through the bus to the predetermined module. Therefore, an encryption speed is improved and encryption can be simply embodied so that security of data received from the bus can be improved.

Abstract: Provided are a method and host device for using content using a mobile card, and a mobile card. The method includes storing an identifier (ID) of the mobile card, a global key, and a content key encrypted by a secret key of the mobile card, generating a combined key of the ID and the global key, generating a first cryptogram, in which the content key encrypted by the secret key is encrypted by the combined key, transmitting the first cryptogram to the mobile card, receiving from the mobile card a second cryptogram, in which the content key is encrypted by the combined key, and decrypting the second cryptogram. Accordingly, a user can use encrypted content from a remote place.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of sharing a bus key is provided, the method including receiving at a first device a device key, encrypted using an encryption key, from a storage device; decrypting the encrypted device key using a decryption key corresponding to the encryption key; creating a random number, and generating a bus key using the created random number and the decrypted device key, by which data to be transmitted through a bus can be encrypted using the bus key; and transmitting the generated bus key to a predetermined device connected to the first device via the bus.

Abstract: A method of encrypting a message for message integrity is provided. In the method, a random number is generated, a first ciphertext is generated by encrypting the message by using the generated random number, a hash value of the first ciphertext is calculated, an encryption key is generated by using the hash value of the first ciphertext and a shared key, a second ciphertext is generated by encrypting the random number by using the encryption key, and the first and second ciphertexts are combined.

Abstract: Provided are a method of generating a firmware update file which restrictively allows a firmware update for a corresponding hardware model, and a method and apparatus for updating firmware using the firmware update file. By generating a data body including program codes of firmware to be updated, generating a data header including model codes of a hardware device to which the data body is applied, and generating the firmware update file by combining the data body and the data header, the firmware update may be restricted for a corresponding model of a hardware device by using the firmware update file so that firmware of other models of hardware devices may not be updated, an integrity check may be performed using a digital signature when the firmware is updated.

Abstract: Provided is a method of limiting updating of firmware by distinguishing between model code that represents a group of hardware having firmware program codes are compatible with each other and model code that identifies each hardware belonging to the group. The method includes generating a data body having firmware program code that is to be updated; generating a data header having model code of hardware to which the data body is to be applied, wherein the hardware model code comprises first model code representing a group of hardware having firmware program codes are compatible with each other and second model code identifying each hardware belonging to the group; and generating a firmware update file by combining the data body and the data header.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for controlling transmission of content data. In the method, a communication channel is initially established to transmit the content data, the content data is transmitted through the established communication channel, verification is performed a plurality of times to determine whether the content data is transmitted within an acceptable transmission range, and whether to continue the transmission of the content data is determined according to the verification result. Accordingly, when a client moves to a location outside a predetermined acceptable transmission range in a wireless environment, a server stops transmission of the content data. In addition, content data can be continuously transmitted regardless of interference caused by a temporary obstacle between a server and a client.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preventing digital content stored in a universal serial bus (USB) mass storage (UMS) device from being distributed without restriction. In the method, registration data is encrypted in order to allow a UMS device to decrypt and use digital content using time information only within a predetermined term of validity. Accordingly, even if encrypted registration data of a UMS device is disclosed, it is possible to make it difficult for unauthorized devices to store the registration data, thereby preventing content of the UMS device from being distributed without restriction.