Abstract: A controller, a memory system, and an operating method of a memory system including a controller are disclosed. A controller configured to control an operation of a memory device including a plurality of data storage regions includes a storage region allocation module configured to allocate a data storage region in which write data is to be stored among the plurality of data storage regions, a data storage reliability determination module configured to determine data storage reliability of an allocated data storage region based on process information of the memory device, a parity management module configured to generate a parity part for the write data based on the data storage reliability, and a control signal generation module configured to generate a control signal for controlling the memory device to store the write data and the parity part in the allocated data storage region.

Abstract: A data storage apparatus includes a controller configured to control data input to and output from a storage according to a request transmitted from a host apparatus, a buffer memory configured to store data transmitted and received between the host apparatus and the storage, and the storage including a plurality of memory cells and a verification component configured to verify a state of a target memory cell before write data is programmed in the target memory cell while the write data is transmitted from the host apparatus in response to a write request of the host apparatus.

Abstract: The disclosed technology provides for a method or system comprising determining size of a super block for a track zone in a storage medium based on at least one parameter of the track zone, wherein the super block includes a super parity for recovery of a failed sector within the super block.

Abstract: The disclosed technology provides for a method or system comprising determining size of a super block for a track zone in a storage medium based on at least one parameter of the track zone, wherein the super block includes a super parity for recovery of a failed sector within the super block.

Abstract: A frame fixator and operation system thereof, the fixator comprising an upper end ring and a lower end ring, and a plurality of length adjustment means coupled at both ends thereof to the upper end ring and the lower end ring, wherein the length adjustment means include an actuator, a moving member movable by the actuator and a digital indicator for indicating a length of the length adjustment means changeable to the movement of the moving member, the fixator and peration system for enabling to automatically adjust a distraction rate and distraction frequency of fracture during bone deformity correction and lengthening and to easily adjust the length by digitally indicating changed value of length according to manual or automatic manipulation.