Abstract: The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for an inertial sensor suspension that minimizes proof mass rotation and translation. The system contains a microelectromechanical sensor (MEMS) device for measuring rotation along an input rotation axis. The MEMS device includes at least one substrate, at least one proof mass, and a suspension system. The suspension system includes at least one flexure connecting the at least one proof mass to a substrate and at least one anchored suspension element with a split support beam having a first split portion and a second split portion. The first split portion and the second split portion are of curved shape.

Abstract: Parametric amplification of the output of a MEMS gyroscope is achieved by modulating the sense capacitance, or an auxiliary capacitance having an applied DC voltage. The capacitance modulation is produced by the driven motion of the gyroscope mechanism, so the pump signal of the parametric amplifier is not subject to phase errors in the electronics. The capacitance modulation affects the mechanical gain of the sensor (transfer function from input force to sensor mechanism displacement), as well as the electrical gain of the sensor (transfer function from sensor mechanism displacement to output electrical signal). The mechanical and electrical gains of the sensor become phase-dependent, so the Coriolis rate signal can be amplified while the unwanted quadrature-phase signal is attenuated.

Abstract: MEMS devices and methods for measuring Coriolis forces using force rebalancing and parametric gain amplification techniques are disclosed. A MEMS inertial sensor can include one or more proof masses, at least one sense electrode positioned adjacent to each proof mass, a number of torquer electrodes for electrostatically nulling quadrature and Coriolis-related proof mass motion, and a number of pump electrodes for producing a pumping force on the proof masses. Force rebalancing voltages can be applied to some torquer electrodes to electrostatically null quadrature and/or Coriolis-related proof mass motion along a sense axis of the device. A pumping voltage at approximately twice the motor drive frequency of the proof masses can be used to pump the proof masses along the sense axis.

Abstract: MEMS devices and methods employing one or more electrodes coupled to a time-varying rebalancing voltage are disclosed. A MEMS inertial sensor in accordance with an illustrative embodiment can include one or more proof masses, at least one sense electrode positioned adjacent to each proof mass, and one or more torquer electrodes. Rebalancing voltages can be applied to the torquer electrodes to electrostatically null quadrature and/or Coriolis-related proof mass motion along a sense axis of the device. The rebalancing voltages applied to each of the torquer electrodes can be adjusted using feedback from one or more force rebalancing control loops.

Abstract: MEMS devices and methods for measuring Coriolis forces using force rebalancing and parametric gain amplification techniques are disclosed. A MEMS inertial sensor can include one or more proof masses, at least one sense electrode positioned adjacent to each proof mass, a number of torquer electrodes for electrostatically nulling quadrature and Coriolis-related proof mass motion, and a number of pump electrodes for producing a pumping force on the proof masses. Force rebalancing voltages can be applied to some torquer electrodes to electrostatically null quadrature and/or Coriolis-related proof mass motion along a sense axis of the device. A pumping voltage at approximately twice the motor drive frequency of the proof masses can be used to pump the proof masses along the sense axis.

Abstract: MEMS devices and methods employing one or more electrodes coupled to a time-varying rebalancing voltage are disclosed. A MEMS inertial sensor in accordance with an illustrative embodiment can include one or more proof masses, at least one sense electrode positioned adjacent to each proof mass, and one or more torquer electrodes. Rebalancing voltages can be applied to the torquer electrodes to electrostatically null quadrature and/or Coriolis-related proof mass motion along a sense axis of the device. The rebalancing voltages applied to each of the torquer electrodes can be adjusted using feedback from one or more force rebalancing control loops.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating thinned comb MEMS devices are disclosed. A comb drive device in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention can include a number of interdigitated comb fingers some of which have a reduced thickness along at least a portion of their length relative to other comb fingers.

Abstract: Devices and methods for reducing rate bias errors and scale factor errors in a MEMS gyroscope are disclosed. A MEMS actuator device in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention can include at least one substrate including one or more horizontal drive electrodes, and a movable electrode spaced vertically from and adjacent to the one or more horizontal drive electrodes. The horizontal drive electrodes and/or movable electrode can be configured to eliminate or reduce rate bias and scale factor errors resulting from the displacement of the movable electrode in the direction of a sense axis of the device.

Abstract: A method for providing micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices with multiple motor frequencies and uniform motor-sense frequency separation is described. The devices each include at least one proof mass, each proof mass being connected to a substrate by a system of suspensions. The method includes controlling the resonant frequencies of the MEMS device by adjusting at least two of a mass of the proof masses, a bending stiffness of the proof masses, a length of the suspensions, and a width of the suspensions.

Abstract: A method for reducing undesired movements of proof masses in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices is described where the proof masses are suspended above a substrate by one or more suspensions. The method includes providing an anchor on the substrate substantially between a first proof and suspensions for the first proof mass and a second proof mass and suspensions for the second proof mass, coupling a first portion of a beam to the first proof mass, coupling a second portion of the beam to the second proof mass, and attaching a third portion of the beam to the anchor, the third portion extending between the first portion and second portion of the beam, the anchor and the third portion configured to allow for rotation about an axis perpendicular to the substrate.

Abstract: An electric generator includes a linear free piston micro-combustion engine and a piezoelectric stack supported on the micro-combustion engine so as to receive energy from the micro-combustion engine to thereby produce an electrical output.

Abstract: A method for providing micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices with multiple motor frequencies and uniform motor-sense frequency separation is described. The devices each include at least one proof mass, each proof mass being connected to a substrate by a system of suspensions. The method includes controlling the resonant frequencies of the MEMS device by adjusting at least two of a mass of the proof masses, a bending stiffness of the proof masses, a length of the suspensions, and a width of the suspensions.

Abstract: A method for reducing undesired movements of proof masses in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices is described where the proof masses are suspended above a substrate by one or more suspensions. The method includes providing an anchor on the substrate substantially between a first proof and suspensions for the first proof mass and a second proof mass and suspensions for the second proof mass, coupling a first portion of a beam to the first proof mass, coupling a second portion of the beam to the second proof mass, and attaching a third portion of the beam to the anchor, the third portion extending between the first portion and second portion of the beam, the anchor and the third portion configured to allow for rotation about an axis perpendicular to the substrate.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical (MEMS) gyroscope has one or more proof masses mechanically coupled to a substrate by springs. A motor force drives the proof masses at their resonant frequency in one direction, 180 degrees out of phase with each other in the case of a dual proof mass gyroscope. Sense electrodes sense motion of the proof masses in response to a Coriolis force. The motion caused by the Coriolis force is perpendicular to the motion caused by the motor force. An AC pump voltage at twice the motor frequency is applied to the sense electrodes to provide parametric amplification of the Coriolis force. The AC pump voltage alters the mechanical and electrical gain of the gyroscope.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical (MEMS) gyroscope has one or more proof masses mechanically coupled to a substrate by springs. A motor force drives the proof masses at their resonant frequency in one direction, 180 degrees out of phase with each other in the case of a dual proof mass gyroscope. Sense electrodes sense motion of the proof masses in response to a Coriolis force. The motion caused by the Coriolis force is perpendicular to the motion caused by the motor force. An AC pump voltage at twice the motor frequency is applied to the sense electrodes to provide parametric amplification of the Coriolis force. The AC pump voltage alters the mechanical and electrical gain of the gyroscope.

Abstract: A three-dimensional micro-coil situated in a planar substrate. Two wafers have metal strips formed in them, and the wafers are bonded together. The metal strips are connected in such a fashion to form a coil and are encompassed within the wafers. Also, metal sheets are formed on the facing surfaces of the wafers to result in a capacitor. The coil may be a single or multi-turn configuration. It also may have a toroidal design with a core volume created by etching a trench in one of the wafers before the metal strips for the coil are formed on the wafer. The capacitor can be interconnected with the coil to form a resonant circuit An external circuit for impedance measurement, among other things, and a processor may be connected to the micro-coil chip.

Abstract: A microcathode which integrates both an electron emitter, or cathode, and an extractor electrode. The electron emitter is attached to the back side of a thin film microstructure on a first surface of a substrate. Electrons are emitted from the electron emitter and into a via extending through the substrate. An electron beam is formed which is pulled through the via and out of the microcathode by an extractor electrode on a second surface of the substrate. The extractor electrode modulates the electron beam current, defines the beam profile, and accelerates the electrons toward an anode located outside of the microcathode. Microcathode of this invention are particularly suitable as electron emitting devices useful for various types of electron beam utilizing equipment such as flat cathode ray tube displays, microelectronic vacuum tube amplifiers, electron beam exposure devices and the like.

Abstract: A cryogenic inertial Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) device is provided. The device may include a vibratory gyroscope operable to sense a rotational acceleration. The device may also include a pre-amplifier co-located in a close proximity to the vibratory gyroscope. The device may be operated at substantially low temperatures, such as cryogenic temperatures, to reduce electrical noise and improve stability of outputs of the system.

Abstract: A three-dimensional micro-coil situated in a planar substrate. Two wafers have metal strips formed in them, and the wafers are bonded together. The metal strips are connected in such a fashion to form a coil and are encompassed within the wafers. Also, metal sheets are formed on the facing surfaces of the wafers to result in a capacitor. The coil may be a single or multi-turn configuration. It also may have a toroidal design with a core volume created by etching a trench in one of the wafers before the metal strips for the coil are formed on the wafer. The capacitor can be interconnected with the coil to form a resonant circuit. An external circuit for impedance measurement, among other things, and a processor may be connected to the micro-coil chip.

Abstract: A microcathode which integrates both an electron emitter, or cathode, and an extractor electrode. The electron emitter is attached to the back side of a thin film microstructure on a first surface of a substrate. Electrons are emitted from the electron emitter and into a via extending through the substrate. An electron beam is formed which is pulled through the via and out of the microcathode by an extractor electrode on a second surface of the substrate. The extractor electrode modulates the electron beam current, defines the beam profile, and accelerates the electrons toward an anode located outside of the microcathode. Microcathode of this invention are particularly suitable as electron emitting devices useful for various types of electron beam utilizing equipment such as flat cathode ray tube displays, microelectronic vacuum tube amplifiers, electron beam exposure devices and the like.