Abstract: A hydraulic system of an electric vehicle may comprise: an oil container; a first and a second clutch driving circuits connected in parallel; an internal pump driven by a driving system of the electric vehicle; a first check valve connected in series at an outlet side of the internal pump; an external pump driven by an external pump motor; and a second check valve connected in series at an outlet side of the external pump. The first check valve and the internal pump connected in series and the second check valve and the external pump connected in series are connected in parallel between the oil container and the first and second clutch driving circuits.

Abstract: An end cover assembly for a battery with a core comprises a contact terminal, a conductive element, and a thermistor. The conductive element is in electrical communication with the core of the battery. The thermistor is disposed between the terminal and the conductive element. The thermistor electrically connects the terminal and the conductive element when the temperature of the battery is below a predetermined temperature. The thermistor electrically disconnects the terminal and the conductive element when the temperature of the battery is above the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a battery heating circuit, wherein: the battery comprises a first battery and a second battery; the heating circuit comprises a first switch unit, a second switch unit, a damping component R1, a damping component R2, a current storage component L3, a current storage component L4, a switching control module and an energy storage component V1; the first battery, the damping component R1, the current storage component L3, the energy storage component V1 and the first switch unit are connected in series to constitute a first charging/discharging circuit; the second battery, the damping component R2, the current storage component L4, the energy storage component V1 and the second switch unit are connected in series to constitute a second charging/discharging circuit.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a battery heating circuit, comprising a switch unit 1, a switching control module 100, a damping component R1, an energy storage circuit, and an energy superposition unit; the energy storage circuit is configured to connect with the battery to form a loop, and comprises a current storage component L1 and a charge storage component C1; the damping component R1, the switch unit 1, the current storage component L1, and the charge storage component C1 are connected in series; the switching control module 100 is connected with the switch unit 1, and is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1, so as to control the energy flowing between the battery and the energy storage circuit.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a battery heating circuit, comprising a switch unit 1, a switching control module 100, a damping component R1, an energy storage circuit, a freewheeling circuit 20, and an energy superposition unit; the energy storage circuit is configured to connect with the battery to form a loop, and comprises a current storage component L1 and a charge storage component C1; the damping component R1, the switch unit 1, the current storage component L1, and the charge storage component C1 are connected in series; the switching control module 100 is connected with the switch unit 1, and is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1, so as to control the energy flowing between the battery and the energy storage circuit; the energy superposition unit is connected with the energy storage circuit.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a battery heating circuit, wherein: the battery comprises a first battery E1 and a second battery E2, the heating circuit comprises a first switch unit 10, a second switch unit 20, a damping component R1, a damping component R2, a current storage component L1, a current storage component L2, a switching control module 100 and a charge storage component C; the first battery, the damping component R1, the current storage component L1, the first switch unit 10 and the charge storage component C are connected in series to form a first charging/discharging circuit; the second battery, the damping component R2, the current storage component L2, the charge storage component C and the second switch unit 20 are connected in series to form a second charging/discharging circuit.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a substrate; a conductive layer deposited on a substrate, the conductive layer being patterned to include a first pattern, the first pattern including a major surface and a plurality of grids defined in the major surface, the major surface including first lines and a connecting portion, wherein the connecting portion is connected to an electrode; and an epitaxial layer disposed on the conductive layer, covering the grids and the first line between the adjacent grids.