Abstract: Microneedles comprising hormone-containing surface-modified microspheres which exhibit improved residence time in the body and superior sustained-release effect, and a method of preparing the same, are disclosed herein. Microneedles including surface-modified microspheres containing a hormone according to the present invention exhibit improved residence time in the body and superior sustained-release effect, and are therefore useful for a transdermal delivery system for delivering a hormone requiring continuous administration.

Abstract: A vehicular heat management system includes a refrigerant circulation line configured to generate hot energy or cold energy depending on a flow direction of a refrigerant, a heater core side coolant circulation line configured to transfer refrigerant heat generated in the refrigerant circulation line to a heater core to heat a passenger compartment, and a battery side coolant circulation line configured to receive coolant heat of the heater core side coolant circulation line via a coolant and then circulate the coolant through a battery to preheat the battery.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a substrate heat-treating apparatus including a process chamber in which a flat substrate to be heat treated is placed, the process chamber comprising a beam transmitting plate placed below the flat substrate and an infrared transmitting plate placed above the flat substrate; a beam irradiating module for irradiating a VCSEL beam having a single wavelength to a lower surface of the flat substrate through the beam transmitting plate; and an temperature measuring module configured to measure the laser beam reflected from the lower surface or an upper surface the flat substrate, thereby measuring the temperature of the flat substrate.

Abstract: A vehicular heat management system includes a refrigerant circulation line configured to generate hot energy or cold energy depending on a flow direction of a refrigerant, a heater core side coolant circulation line configured to transfer refrigerant heat generated in the refrigerant circulation line to a heater core to heat a passenger compartment, and a battery side coolant circulation line configured to receive coolant heat of the heater core side coolant circulation line via a coolant and then circulate the coolant through a battery to preheat the battery.

Abstract: A bearing engagement structure for a hermetic compressor includes a unitary cylinder-frame member having an opening in a central portion thereof, the opening having an internal screw thread formed along an inner periphery thereof, and a journal bearing including an external screw thread formed along an upper outer periphery thereof and a body formed with a polygonal shape in a lower portion thereof. The body of the journal bearing is formed with a circular, square or hexagonal shape. The bearing engagement structure allows the compressor to employ a unitary type connecting rod which is to be engaged to a crank shaft, for thereby obtaining an advantageous strength of the connecting rod with regard to a compressing force and a tension thereof.