Abstract: An electronic device may include a first structure, a second structure, a flexible display, at least one sensor, and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor may be configured to: obtain information on a state of the first structure with respect to the second structure via the at least one sensor; detect a touch input via the at least one sensor; based on the information on the state of the first structure with respect to the second structure, identify a portion of the flexible display where the touch input is detected between a first portion visually exposed to an outside and a second portion accommodated in an inside of the second structure in the flexible display; and based on the identified portion being the second portion, perform a function associated with a screen displayed via the first portion, based on the touch input.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a chip region in the substrate, a scribe lane region in the substrate, first active patterns in the chip region, a first device isolation pattern on the first active patterns, second active patterns in the scribe lane region, and a second device isolation pattern on the second active patterns. The scribe lane region is adjacent to the chip region. The first device isolation pattern includes a first device isolation material, and the second device isolation pattern includes a second device isolation material. The second device isolation material is different from the first device isolation material.

Abstract: A conditioner of a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) apparatus includes a disk to polish a polishing pad of the CMP apparatus, a driver to rotate the disk, a lifter to lift the driver, an arm to rotate the lifter, and a connector to connect the driver to the lifter, the driver being tiltable with respect to the lifter.

Abstract: An example electronic device may include a foldable housing, including a hinge, a first housing connected to the hinge and including a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction opposite the first direction, and a second housing connected to the hinge, including a third surface facing a third direction and a fourth surface facing a fourth direction opposite the third direction, the second housing configured to be foldable with respect to the first housing about the hinge, wherein the first surface faces the third surface in a folded state of the electronic device; a display extending from the first surface to the third surface to provide the first surface and the third surface and including a touch controller configured to control a receiving function of an input on the display; a processor disposed inside the first or second housing and operatively coupled to the display; and a memory operatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory may store instructions

Abstract: A steel sheet with excellent phosphatability, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises, by wt %, 0.02-0.06% of carbon (C), 0.01% or less of silicon (Si) (excluding 0%), 0.1-0.24% of manganese (Mn), 0.02% or less of aluminum (Al) (excluding 0%), 0.015-0.04% of phosphorus (P), and the balance of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, and has an oxide layer having a thickness of 10 nm or less inward from the surface of the steel sheet, and satisfies the following formula 1. ([Mn]+[Si]+[Al])/(3×[P])?0.6 ??[Formula 1] (In formula 1, [Mn], [Si], [Al] and [P] mean the maximum amount of each element when elemental analysis is carried out in the thickness direction of the oxide layer.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a volume grating-based combiner is disclosed. The display apparatus includes: an image providing device; and a combiner, wherein the combiner includes a plurality of volume gratings configured to diffract light containing an image, which is emitted from the image providing device, each volume grating has a first surface and a second surface facing each other, and each volume grating is further configured to diffract light incident on the first surface and transmit therethrough light incident on the second surface without diffraction.

Abstract: A retinal projection display device is provided. The retinal projection display device includes a light source configured to emit light, a spatial light modulator configured to generate diffracted light by diffracting the emitted light, a holographic optical element configured to reflect the diffracted light by duplicating the diffracted light into a plurality of complex wavefronts, and a field lens configured to focus the plurality of complex wavefronts to a plurality of respective focal points in an eye-box, wherein the plurality of complex wavefronts overlap each other.

Abstract: A hologram profile optimization method includes: setting a first hologram profile as a variable; and performing an optimization cycle a predetermined number of times, wherein the optimization cycle includes encoding the first hologram profile into a binary hologram profile by using an ApproxSign function; calculating a field value of a holographic image on a display surface for the binary hologram profile, considering high-order diffraction term noise of the holographic image by using a tiling function; calculating an intensity of the holographic image on the display surface; calculating a loss function value based on a difference between the intensity of the holographic image and an intensity of a target image; and updating the first hologram profile to a second hologram profile based on the loss function value.

Abstract: Provided is a hydraulic machine. A pump pressurizes fluid using power provided by a power source. An actuator works using the pressurized fluid from the pump. A recovery part recovers energy from fluid discharged from the actuator. A first operator input device receives a desired input from operator to select an eco-mode or a boost mode. The recovery part includes an accumulator storing hydraulic energy by receiving the fluid discharged from the actuator and an assist unit assisting the power source using the hydraulic energy stored in the accumulator. The controller controls the pump such that output power of the pump does not exceed P1max when the eco-mode is selected or the assist unit does not assist the power source and that the output power does not exceed P2max when the boost mode is selected and the assist unit assists the power source, where P1max<P2max.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-image display apparatus including an image forming device configured to form a first image, a first polarization plate configured to transmit a first polarization component of the first image provided from the image forming device, a second polarization plate configured to transmit a second polarization component of a second image that is provided from a path different from the first image, the second polarization component being different from the first polarization component, a screen configured to reflect and diffuse the first image, and transmit the second image, and a polarization selective lens configured to focus the first image having the first polarization component, and transmit the second image having the second polarization component without refraction.

Abstract: An optical apparatus and a near-eye display apparatus including the same are provided. The optical apparatus includes a display panel configured to form an image, a first polarization rotator configured to electrically control a light emitted from the display panel to have a first polarization state, a first ¼ wave plate configured to convert the first polarization state of a light transmitted from the first polarization rotator to a second polarization state, and an optical element group configured to display a first image having a first viewing angle and a second image having a second viewing angle that is greater than the first viewing angle based on the second polarization state of a light transmitted from the first ¼ wave plate.

Abstract: A multi-image display apparatus includes a light source configured to emit a first wavelength light, a second wavelength light, and a third wavelength light, a spatial light modulator configured to modulate the first wavelength light, the second wavelength light, and the third wavelength light to form a first image including a first color holographic image, a second color holographic image, and a third color holographic image, a polarization selective lens configured to focus the first image having only a first polarization component and transmit a second image having only a second polarization component without refraction, the second image being provided to the polarization selective lens along a different path from the first image, wherein chromatic aberration of the polarization selective lens is offset by adjusting a depth of the first color holographic image, the second color holographic image, and the third color holographic image.

Abstract: Provided is a hydraulic machine. A pump pressurizes fluid using power provided by a power source. An actuator works using the pressurized fluid from the pump. A recovery part recovers energy from fluid discharged from the actuator. A first operator input device receives a desired input from an operator to select an eco-mode or a boost mode. The recovery part includes an accumulator storing hydraulic energy by receiving the fluid discharged from the actuator and an assist unit assisting the power source using the hydraulic energy stored in the accumulator. The controller controls the pump such that output power of the pump does not exceed Plmax when the eco-mode is selected or the assist unit does not assist the power source and that the output power does not exceed P2max when the boost mode is selected and the assist unit assists the power source, where Plmax < P2max.

Abstract: A hydraulic machine. A boom actuator includes a large chamber and a small chamber. A recovery unit receives fluid discharged from the large chamber and then recovers energy. A recovery line connects the large chamber and the recovery unit. An accumulator is connected to a first point on the recovery line. A discharge valve is disposed on the recovery line between the first point and the recovery unit. A first sensor measures a pressure in the accumulator. A controller controls opening and closing of the discharge valve. The controller performs anti-bouncing control of: determining a target pressure in the accumulator corresponding to a load pressure applied to fluid in the large chamber by a load according to a predetermined correspondence; and controlling the opening and closing of the discharge valve such that the pressure in the accumulator measured by the first sensor reaches the target pressure.

Abstract: A hydraulic machine is provided. A boom actuator includes a large chamber and a small chamber. A recovery unit receives fluid discharged from the large chamber and then recovers energy. A recovery line connects the large chamber and the recovery unit. An accumulator is connected to the recovery line. A jack-up assist line connects the accumulator and the small chamber. A jack-up assist valve is disposed on the jack-up assist line to block flow of fluid from the accumulator to the small chamber in a first position and allow the flow of fluid from the accumulator to the small chamber in a second position. A controller controls movement of the jack-up assist valve. The controller may determine whether or not the hydraulic machine is in a jack-up condition, and when the hydraulic machine is determined to be in the jack-up condition, moves the jack-up assist valve to the second position.

Abstract: Provided is a waveguide-type display device including a waveguide, an input coupler provided on the waveguide and configured to transmit an image to travel into the waveguide, an output coupler provided on the waveguide and configured to output the image traveling in the waveguide to an outside of the waveguide, and a field-of-view (FOV) expander configured to output an image having an expanded FOV by deflecting and outputting the image output from the output coupler in a certain direction based on polarization characteristics of the image.

Abstract: A hydraulic machine is provided. A boom actuator includes a large chamber and a small chamber. A recovery unit receives fluid discharged from the large chamber and then recovers energy. A recovery line connects the large chamber and the recovery unit. An accumulator is connected to the recovery line. A jack-up assist line connects the accumulator and the small chamber. A jack-up assist valve is disposed on the jack-up assist line to block flow of fluid from the accumulator to the small chamber in a first position and allow the flow of fluid from the accumulator to the small chamber in a second position. A controller controls movement of the jack-up assist valve. The controller may determine whether or not the hydraulic machine is in a jack-up condition, and when the hydraulic machine is determined to be in the jack-up condition, moves the jack-up assist valve to the second position.

Abstract: A hydraulic machine. A boom actuator includes a large chamber and a small chamber. A recovery unit receives fluid discharged from the large chamber and then recovers energy. A recovery line connects the large chamber and the recovery unit. An accumulator is connected to a first point on the recovery line. A discharge valve is disposed on the recovery line between the first point and the recovery unit. A first sensor measures a pressure in the accumulator. A controller controls opening and closing of the discharge valve. The controller performs anti-bouncing control of: determining a target pressure in the accumulator corresponding to a load pressure applied to fluid in the large chamber by a load according to a predetermined correspondence; and controlling the opening and closing of the discharge valve such that the pressure in the accumulator measured by the first sensor reaches the target pressure.

Abstract: Provided is a method of generating a hologram, the method including generating a kernel and a neural network configured to model an aberration of a holographic display device, obtaining second image data output from the neural network to which first image data obtained by propagating a first hologram based on the kernel is input, updating the kernel and the neural network based on comparing the second image data and predetermined image data, and generating a second hologram based on the kernel and the neural network.

Abstract: Provided are holographic display systems and methods for generating a hologram by compensating for aberrations of a holographic display device. The holographic display system may include a holographic display device and a hologram generating device. The hologram generating device may generate a hologram by propagating hologram segments, using kernels generated by modeling each aberration corresponding to each of hologram plane segments to compensate for aberrations.