Abstract: Thermoelectric devices and methods for making and using the devices and their intermediates are provided. Membrane-supported thermoelectric modules are fabricated by dispensing thermoelectric powder into select locations of a membrane to form electrically isolated columns of thermoelectric material. The powder is then sintered or fused to form thermoelectric elements, which are then electrically connected and combined with thermal interface films to form the modules. The modules are the building blocks of electrical current generating, thermoelectric cooling and heat scavenging thermoelectric devices.

Abstract: A compact, mapping spectrometer and various embodiments of the spectrometer are described. Methods for performing high-resolution spectroscopic, spatial, and polarimetric analyses of electromagnetic radiation across the complete electromagnetic spectrum, using spectrometer embodiments of the invention, are also described. The spectrometer and associated methods are useful for producing spectral and hyperspectral images associated with the incoming radiation and for identifying other information about electromagnetic radiation of interest.

Abstract: A compact, mapping spectrometer and various embodiments of the spectrometer are described. Methods for performing high-resolution spectroscopic, spatial, and polarimetric analyses of electromagnetic radiation across the complete electromagnetic spectrum, using spectrometer embodiments of the invention, are also described. The spectrometer and associated methods are useful for producing spectral and hyperspectral images associated with the incoming radiation and for identifying other information about electromagnetic radiation of interest.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to integrated resonance detectors and arrays of integrated resonance detectors and to methods for making and using the integrated resonance detectors and arrays. Integrated resonance detectors comprise a substrate, a conducting mirror layer, an active layer, and a patterned conducting layer. Electromagnetic radiation is detected by transducing a specific resonance-induced field enhancement in the active layer to a detection current that is proportional to the incident irradiance.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining direction from which electromagnetic radiation originates and spectral characteristics of the radiation are provided. Lenses, diffraction gratings, which may be present on the surface of the lenses, and mirrors direct radiation to a photodetector. Lens and grating parameters, along with the location, size, relative spacing and orientation of diffracted orders of radiation detected by the photodetector are used for determining direction from which the radiation originates.

Abstract: Spectroscopic filter arrays and methods for making spectroscopic filter arrays are provided. The arrays are formed using a dispersion of filter particles having selected moieties attached to the surface of the particles and a microarray having complementary moieties formed in an array on a substrate, such that each filter particle is attached to a selected region of the microarray. The moiety on the substrate may be RNA or DNA or other molecule. The substrate may be a surface of a photodetector array, a transparent plate that may be placed in registration with the photodetector or a stamp used to transfer the filter array to a photodetector array.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to integrated resonance detectors and arrays of integrated resonance detectors and to methods for making and using the integrated resonance detectors and arrays. Integrated resonance detectors comprise a substrate, a conducting mirror layer, an active layer, and a patterned conducting layer. Electromagnetic radiation is detected by transducing a specific resonance-induced field enhancement in the active layer to a detection current that is proportional to the incident irradiance.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining direction from which electromagnetic radiation originates and spectral characteristics of the radiation are provided. Lenses, diffraction gratings, which may be present on the surface of the lenses, and mirrors direct radiation to a photodetector. Lens and grating parameters, along with the location, size, relative spacing and orientation of diffracted orders of radiation detected by the photodetector are used for determining direction from which the radiation originates.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to integrated resonance detectors and arrays of integrated resonance detectors and to methods for making and using the integrated resonance detectors and arrays. Integrated resonance detectors comprise a substrate, a conducting mirror layer, an active layer, and a patterned conducting layer. Electromagnetic radiation is detected by transducing a specific resonance-induced field enhancement in the active layer to a detection current that is proportional to the incident irradiance.

Abstract: Thermoelectric devices and methods for making and using the devices and their intermediates are provided. Membrane-supported thermoelectric modules are fabricated by dispensing thermoelectric powder into select locations of a membrane to form electrically-isolated columns of thermoelectric material. The powder is then sintered or fused to form thermoelectric elements, which are then electrically connected and combined with thermal interface films to form the modules. The modules are the building blocks of electrical current generating, thermoelectric cooling and heat scavenging thermoelectric devices.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to integrated resonance detectors and arrays of integrated resonance detectors and to methods for making and using the integrated resonance detectors and arrays. Integrated resonance detectors comprise a substrate, a conducting mirror layer, an active layer, and a patterned conducting layer. Electromagnetic radiation is detected by transducing a specific resonance-induced field enhancement in the active layer to a detection current that is proportional to the incident irradiance.

Abstract: A high-definition CRT is provided having an electron gun to produce high beam current without increasing spot size and to provide lower electrical power requirements at high beam-modulation frequencies. The electron gun includes beam-forming electrodes and a lens. Each beam-forming electrode has several aperture clusters operable to form several collimated beams of electrons. In addition, the lens is operable to focus the several collimated beams of electrons onto a display screen.

Abstract: Spectroscopic filter arrays and methods for making spectroscopic filter arrays are provided. The arrays are formed using a dispersion of filter particles having selected moieties attached to the surface of the particles and a microarray having complementary moieties formed in an array on a substrate, such that each filter particle is attached to a selected region of the microarray. The moiety on the substrate may be RNA or DNA or other molecule. The substrate may be a surface of a photodetector array, a transparent plate that may be placed in registration with the photodetector or a stamp used to transfer the filter array to a photodetector array.

Abstract: Projectile apparatus is provided employing light and sound that may be dispersed over a large area with high intensity to produce a non-lethal, visible and audible countermeasure to temporarily blind and/or disorient one or multiple potential adversaries. The apparatus is suitable for use in tactical scenarios by military, police, and special operations personnel. The apparatus is also suitable for use in training operations for military, police, and special operations personnel. For amusement or recreation, the apparatus may be used in simulated warfare or in games such as paintball.

Abstract: A high-definition CRT is provided having an electron gun to produce high beam current without increasing spot size and to provide lower electrical power requirements at high beam-modulation frequencies. The electron gun includes beam-forming electrodes and a lens. Each beam-forming electrode has several aperture clusters operable to form several collimated beams of electrons. In addition, the lens is operable to focus the several collimated beams of electrons onto a display screen.

Abstract: A high-definition CRT is provided having an electron gun to produce high beam current without increasing spot size and to provide lower electrical power requirements at high beam-modulation frequencies. The electron gun includes three electrodes having clusters of apertures to allow collimation of the electron beam from a cathode. The main lens is operated to focus a parallel beam of electrons on a display screen. Methods for manufacturing by mechanical or semiconductor methods are also provided.

Abstract: A high-definition CRT is provided having an electron gun to produce high beam current without increasing spot size and to provide lower electrical power requirements at high beam-modulation frequencies. The electron gun includes three electrodes having clusters of apertures to allow collimation of the electron beam from a cathode. The main lens is operated to focus a parallel beam of electrons on a display screen. Methods for manufacturing by mechanical or semiconductor methods are also provided.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for using a multi-element field emission cathode in a color cathode ray tube. The field emission cathode may have from four to ten field emission arrays linearly arranged. The arrays are preferably formed from carbon-based material. An electron gun assembly focuses electron beams from each array on to a phosphor stripe or dot on the screen of the cathode ray tube. Deflection apparatus moves the beam from each field emission array according to clock signals. Clock signals also turn on or turn off voltage to contacts controlling electron current from the array. Values of voltage applied, determined by a video signal, determine the intensity of electron current from each array, which controls the intensity of the light emitted by each color stripe or dot of phosphor on the phosphor screen.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for using a multi-element field emission cathode in a color cathode ray tube. The field emission cathode may have from four to ten field emission arrays linearly arranged. The arrays are preferably formed from carbon-based material. An electron gun assembly focuses electron beams from each array on to a phosphor stripe or dot on the screen of the cathode ray tube. Deflection apparatus moves the beam from each field emission array according to clock signals. Clock signals also turn on or turn off voltage to contacts controlling electron current from the array. Values of voltage applied, determined by a video signal, determine the intensity of electron current from each array, which controls the intensity of the light emitted by each color stripe or dot of phosphor on the phosphor screen.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for using a multi-element field emission cathode in a color cathode ray tube. The field emission cathode may have from four to ten field emission arrays linearly arranged. The arrays are preferably formed from carbon-based material. An electron gun assembly focuses electron beams from each array on to a phosphor stripe or dot on the screen of the cathode ray tube. Deflection apparatus moves the beam from each field emission array according to clock signals. Clock signals also turn on or turn off voltage to contacts controlling electron current from the array. Values of voltage applied, determined by a video signal, determine the intensity of electron current from each array, which controls the intensity of the light emitted by each color stripe or dot of phosphor on the phosphor screen.