Abstract: A data storage device may include: a first memory configured to store a plurality of instructions and data required during an application operation; a cache configured to read, from the first memory, first data for operating the application and store the read first data therein; a processor configured to propagate a data read request to the first cache, a prefetcher, or both when a pointer chasing instruction is generated or a cache miss for the first cache occurs while the processor reads one or more instructions of the plurality of instructions and executes an application; and the prefetcher configured to read second data associated with the pointer chasing instruction or the cache miss from the first memory, and propagate the read second data to the cache.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting a color of an image includes an object region determination unit to determine a 3D object display region in an input image, a color gamut determination unit to determine whether a color of a pixel that constitutes the 3D object display region is included in a predetermined color gamut, a user preference information receiver to receive user preference information corresponding to the input image, and a color converter to convert the color of a pixel to an output color based on the user preference information.