Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for opening and closing a roof of a container for simply opening and closing a roof of a container using a sliding method without separating constitutional elements, and for opening and closing the roof by a small force. The apparatus comprises a pair of guide rails installed on top ends of both side walls of the container, respectively; cover supporting members disposed on the guide rails for supporting the cover, both ends of the cover supporting member being installed to be slid on the guide rails, respectively; sliding means for sliding the cover supporting member; and brace bars foldably connected to the cover supporting member for connecting the adjacent cover supporting members. The cover supporting member is slid along the guide rail to open and close the cover thereby.

Abstract: Based on a selected criterion, a BTS (Base Transceiver Station) for each mobile station (MS) determines an antenna pattern in a reverse channel, based on combined weight factors in weighed combining of signals from antenna array elements during MS signal receiving, and in the forward channel, based on combined weight factors in weighed combining of signals from antenna array elements during MS signal transmission. The antenna pattern determined in the forward channel is performed by the reverse channel signal. The antenna pattern determined in the forward channel is based on the estimate of the angle signal area of mobiles station that is the average angle of signal arrival and its angle sector or on the estimate of average angle of signal arrival only. To determine the desired signal angular area, a decision function is proposed, where powerful interference canceling is implemented.

Abstract: An apparatus and method in which a base station transmitter transmits the common beam to all mobile stations in a base station via an antenna array having at least two antennas, and forms a traffic beam according to a position of each mobile station. The base station transmitter determines a weight vector of the traffic beam based on a position of each mobile station. The base station transmitter calculates a common beam weight vector for all angles in order to minimize a difference between a power of a signal received at the mobile station through the antenna array and a template function of the antenna arrayat all angels; calculates a traffic beam weight vector in order to minimize a reception power difference between a traffic beam to be transmitted to a position of the mobile station and the common beam, based on the calculated common beam weight vector; multiplies the calculated traffic beam weight vector by a signal to be output to the antenna array; and transmits the traffic beam to the mobile station.

Abstract: Improvement of interference canceling efficiency and communication system capacity due to the use of the optimal decision function in adaptation of the adaptive antenna array weight factors. An adaptive antenna array pattern forming algorithm is used. The weight vector is determined from the position of the decision function maximum. The proposed decision function is based on estimation of signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at the adaptive antenna array output and is no singular even without noise and interference.

Abstract: A power pooling apparatus uniformly distributes sector loads in a mobile communication system. The power pooling apparatus comprises a distributor for distributing signals output from a signal generator according to respective sectors; a radio signal processor for performing signal processing to provide an output of the distributor to an antenna; and an adaptive signal processor for determining a characteristic matrix of the distributor by using an output in a predetermined position on a signal processing path of the radio signal processor, and providing the characteristic matrix of the distributor to the distributor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a base station including an antenna array calculates a direction of a weight vector of a transmission beam to maximize in-phase component power for a common channel signal in a transmission channel signal for transmission to a mobile station and to minimize a sum of quadrature-phase power component and interference power for other mobile stations inside and outside a cell due to a transmission channel signal for the mobile station.

Abstract: There is provided a transmit antenna array device with at least two antennas and a method thereof in which a transmission beam is appropriately formed based on a weight vector to be transmitted to a specific mobile station in a mobile communication system. For this purpose, a base station device has a reverse processor for processing a reverse signal received through the antenna array, a forward fading information extraction unit for extracting forward fading information from the received reverse signal, a beam formation controller for generating a weight vector for formation of a transmission beam using the forward fading information and the received reverse signal, and a forward processor having a transmission beam generator for generating a transmission beam for a transmission message based on the weight vector.

Abstract: There is provided an antenna array apparatus using a GPS signal in a base station and a beamforming method thereof. In the antenna array apparatus, a GPS signal processor receives GPS position information from a mobile station and calculates the position information of the mobile station. A signal processor calculates a weight vector using the position information to form a transmission/reception beam. A transmission/reception beamformer forms the transmission/reception beam according to the weight vector.

Abstract: There is provided a transmit antenna array device with at least two antennas and a method thereof in which a transmission beam is appropriately formed based on a weight vector to be transmitted to a specific mobile station in a mobile communication system. For this purpose, a base station device has a reverse processor for processing a reverse signal received through the antenna array, a forward fading information extraction unit for extracting forward fading information from the received reverse signal, a beam formation controller for generating a weight vector for formation of a transmission beam using the forward fading information and the received reverse signal, and a forward processor having a transmission beam generator for generating a transmission beam for a transmission message based on the weight vector.

Abstract: A power pooling apparatus uniformly distributes sector loads in a mobile communication system. The power pooling apparatus comprises a distributor for distributing signals output from a signal generator according to respective sectors; a radio signal processor for performing signal processing to provide an output of the distributor to an antenna; and an adaptive signal processor for determining a characteristic matrix of the distributor by using an output in a predetermined position on a signal processing path of the radio signal processor, and providing the characteristic matrix of the distributor to the distributor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a base station including an antenna array calculates a direction of a weight vector of a transmission beam to maximize in-phase component power for a common channel signal in a transmission channel signal for transmission to a mobile station and to minimize a sum of quadrature-phase power component and interference power for other mobile stations inside and outside a cell due to a transmission channel signal for the mobile station.

Abstract: An apparatus and method in which a base station transmitter transmits the common beam to all mobile stations in a base station via an antenna array having at least two antennas, and forms a traffic beam according to a position of each mobile station. The base station transmitter determines a weight vector of the traffic beam based on a position of each mobile station. The base station transmitter calculates a common beam weight vector for all angles in order to minimize a difference between a power of a signal received at the mobile station through the antenna array and a template function of the antenna arrayat all angels; calculates a traffic beam weight vector in order to minimize a reception power difference between a traffic beam to be transmitted to a position of the mobile station and the common beam, based on the calculated common beam weight vector; multiplies the calculated traffic beam weight vector by a signal to be output to the antenna array; and transmits the traffic beam to the mobile station.

Abstract: Based on a selected criterion, a BTS (Base Transceiver Station) for each mobile station (MS) determines an antenna pattern in a reverse channel, based on combined weight factors in weighed combining of signals from antenna array elements during MS signal receiving, and in the forward channel, based on combined weight factors in weighed combining of signals from antenna array elements during MS signal transmission. The antenna pattern determined in the forward channel is performed by the reverse channel signal. The antenna pattern determined in the forward channel is based on the estimate of the angle signal area of mobiles station that is the average angle of signal arrival and its angle sector or on the estimate of average angle of signal arrival only. To determine the desired signal angular area, a decision function is proposed, where powerful interference canceling is implemented.

Abstract: Improvement of interference canceling efficiency and communication system capacity due to the use of the optimal decision function in adaptation of the adaptive antenna array weight factors. An adaptive antenna array pattern forming algorithm is used. The weight vector is determined from the position of the decision function maximum. The proposed decision function is based on estimation of signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at the adaptive antenna array output and is no singular even without noise and interference.

Abstract: There is provided an antenna array apparatus using a GPS signal in a base station and a beamforming method thereof. In the antenna array apparatus, a GPS signal processor receives GPS position information from a mobile station and calculates the position information of the mobile station. A signal processor calculates a weight vector using the position information to form a transmission/reception beam. A transmission/reception beamformer forms the transmission/reception beam according to the weight vector.

Abstract: There is provided a transmit antenna array device with at least two antennas and a method thereof in which a transmission beam is appropriately formed based on a weight vector to be transmitted to a specific mobile station in a mobile communication system. For this purpose, a base station device has a reverse processor for processing a reverse signal received through the antenna array, a forward fading information extraction unit for extracting forward fading information from the received reverse signal, a beam formation controller for generating a weight vector for formation of a transmission beam using the forward fading information and the received reverse signal, and a forward processor having a transmission beam generator for generating a transmission beam for a transmission message based on the weight vector.

Abstract: A symbol timing recovery circuit for a base band communication system having a plurality of channels includes a main ADC-STR (analog to digital converter - symbol timing recovery) unit and a plurality of sub ADC-STR units. The main ADC-STR detects a timing error of a first received signal and uses the detected value as a sampling signal of the first received signal. The plurality of sub- ADC-STR units compares the sampling signal generated from the main ADC-STR unit and a symbol timing signal following the first receive signal. Each of the sub ADC-STR units delays the sampling signal in accordance with the compared value for a predetermined time. The delayed signal is used as a sampling signal. The circuit employs a voltage-controlled oscillator VCO in a main ADC-STR circuit, but a VCO is not used in the sub- ADC-STR circuits, so as to delay an output signal of the main ADC-STR circuit and achieve a phase locked loop. Hence, mutual interference between the voltage-controlled oscillators is avoided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a 90-degree phase splitter utilized in QPSK modulator and demodulator. The 90-degree phase splitter uses a transistor thereby converting a voltage source into a current source, and accordingly obtains two outputs having same in magnitude but different in phase by 90 degrees through output circuits comprising reactors and resistors.