Abstract: A compact alphanumeric keyboard providing the clock face familiarity for ease of learning and ease of use, with at least twenty eight alphanumeric keys, where the keys are arranged in a first set of twelve keys, a second set of twelve keys, and a third set of four alphanumeric keys. The first set and second set of keys are arranged to correspond with positions of a set of twelve hours on a clock face and the first set, second set, and third set are concentric with respect to a center, where the ratio of the radii of the first bounding circle, second bounding circle, and third bounding circle is substantially square root of seven, two, and one so that each of the plurality of key areas have substantially of equal area. Each of the at least twenty-eight alphanumeric keys has an indicia surface for being comfortably pressed by a finger.

Abstract: An alphanumeric keyboard that is easy to learn, easy to use, and mountable on a handset for one-hand operation, comprises a virtual clock face having the center for the rotation of virtual hands, first set of twelve hourly radial positions, from one o'clock to twelve o'clock, surrounding the center, second set of twelve hourly radial positions, from one o'clock to twelve o'clock, surrounding the center and nearer to the center than the first set of twelve hourly radial positions, twenty four key areas, each key area being uniquely associated with one hourly radial position of the first and second sets, wherein each key area is substantially of 30 degree annular sector shape and contiguous to the adjacent key areas associated with the adjacent hourly radial positions, wherein all twenty four key areas are substantially of equal area, at least thirteen alphabetic keys placed at predetermined hourly radial positions of the first and second sets, and wherein each key has an indicia surface that is within the asso

Abstract: A method and system for a plurality of airplanes in flight to receive from and send to a plurality of ground stations broadcast and communication signals through a single or a plurality of geostationary satellites, wherein at least the mobile link between said airplanes and said satellite, uplink or downlink, uses the high frequency radio waves at 17 GHz or higher, such as Ka-band. The fixed link between said satellite and said ground stations may use any radio frequencies below the frequencies used to communicate between the satellite and the aircraft. The lower frequencies tend to be less susceptible to rain attenuation and hence suitable for closing the fixed broadcast and communication link. Frequencies such as C-band or Ku-band, or even Ka-band, are applied between satellite and ground such that the available link margin is sufficient to overcome rain attenuation at said ground stations.