Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor chip are provided. The methods may include providing a semiconductor substrate including integrated circuit regions and a cut region. The cut region may be between the integrated circuit regions. The methods may also include forming a modified layer by emitting a laser beam into the semiconductor substrate along the cut region, polishing an inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate to propagate a crack from the modified layer, and separating the integrated circuit regions along the crack. The cut region may include a plurality of multilayer metal patterns on an active surface of the semiconductor substrate, which is opposite to the inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate. The plurality of multilayer metal patterns may form a pyramid structure when viewed in cross section.

Abstract: A capacitor component includes a body, including a dielectric layer and an internal electrode layer, and an external electrode disposed on the body and connected to the internal electrode layer. At least one hole is formed in the internal electrode layer, and a region, containing at least one selected from the group consisting of indium (In) and tin (Sn), is disposed in the hole. A method of manufacturing a capacitor component includes forming a dielectric green sheet, forming a conductive thin film, including a first conductive material and a second conductive material, on the dielectric green sheet, and sintering the conductive thin film to form an internal electrode layer. The internal electrode layer includes the first conductive material, and a region, including the second conductive material, is formed in the internal electrode layer.

Abstract: A control apparatus includes a Wi-Fi communication module, a processor, a controller that controls a component of a vehicle, and a memory, wherein the memory stores at least one piece of position information corresponding to a position in the vehicle, and at least one registered pattern of a gesture, face, or shape, the Wi-Fi communication module transmits a transmission signal to the position corresponding to the at least one piece of position information by a Wi-Fi communication method at a preset frequency and receives a reflection signal reflected from an object in response to the transmission signal, the processor acquires an input pattern of a gesture, face, or shape of the object by analyzing the reflection signal, and retrieves a registered pattern matching the input pattern from the at least one registered pattern, and the controller controls the component according to an instruction corresponding to the retrieved registered pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biliary stent having a winding and fixing member around which a pulling string is wound, and the biliary stent includes a stent having a cylindrical body having space parts and bent ends formed on both ends thereof and configured such that the pulling string is woven with the space parts in zigzags into a circular band, a knot part is formed firmly so as not to be easily loosened, and a medical procedure is performed to expose the pulling string to an outside of a human body so as to prevent the cylindrical body from slipping inside a biliary tract; the winding and fixing member having a main body including an adhesive part so as to be adhered and fixed to a skin surface; and a cover gauze member configured to cover an entirety of the winding and fixing member and the skin surface.

Abstract: A laser apparatus includes a laser generator configured to generate a first laser beam proceeding along a first direction, and an inversion module configured to convert the first laser beam to a second laser beam proceeding along the first direction, the inversion module including a splitter configured to form a reflected laser beam by partially reflecting the first laser beam, and a transmitted laser beam by partially transmitting the first laser beam, and a prism configured to reflect the reflected laser beam.

Abstract: A display device includes a base layer including a first base layer and a second base layer disposed on a rear surface of the first base layer, light emitting elements disposed on a surface of the first base layer, and pads including a first pad and a second pad, which are disposed on the rear surface of the first base layer and are spaced apart from each other. The base layer further includes blocking layers which are disposed between the first base layer and the second base layer and at least portions of the blocking layers do not overlap the pads in a plan view. The blocking layers include a first blocking layer and a second blocking layer, which are disposed in different layers.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device may include a heater configured to heat an aerosol generating material, a battery configured to supply power to the heater, and a controller. In addition, the aerosol generating device may further include a user input detection sensor configured to receive a user's input and a pressure detection sensor configured to sense pressure. The controller may, in response to the user's input being sensed by using the user input detection sensor, obtain an initial pressure sensing value by using the pressure detection sensor. In addition, the controller may determine a reference pressure value based on the initial pressure sensing value and determine whether a puff of the aerosol generating device has occurred based on the reference pressure value.

Abstract: A display device comprises a first substrate comprising a first contact hole, a laser absorption layer disposed on the first substrate and containing amorphous silicon, a first barrier insulating layer disposed on the laser absorption layer, fan-out lines disposed in a metal layer on the first barrier insulating layer and comprising pad portions inserted into second contact holes provided in the first barrier insulating layer and the laser absorption layer, a second barrier insulating layer disposed on the metal layer, a second substrate disposed on the second barrier insulating layer, and a display layer disposed on the second substrate. The second substrate is inserted into a third contact hole provided in the second barrier insulating layer, the first barrier insulating layer, and the laser absorption layer disposed between the pad portions.

Abstract: A saturator, configured for use in a water treating apparatus, includes a chamber, in which a first flow path through which first fluid flows is formed, and a plurality of porous membranes disposed in the first flow path, a second flow path formed within the plurality of porous membranes, through which second fluid flows. The first fluid is dissolved in the second fluid, or the second fluid is dissolved in the first fluid. Accordingly, a contact area between the first fluid and the second fluid is enlarged, and thus, a dissolving speed increases.

Abstract: A method of evaluating quality of graphene using a confocal laser scanning microscope, the method comprising steps of: irradiating with laser light a graphene layer formed on a catalyst layer; detecting a signal of light reflected from the graphene layer; forming a planar image of the graphene layer using the detected optical signal; and analyzing a contrast between graphene and the catalyst layer in the planar image, wherein the graphene layer is continuously formed on the catalyst layer by a roll-to-roll process.

Abstract: The disclosure includes a first upper rail coupled to a first lower rail so as to be movable in the forward-backward direction, a second upper rail coupled to a second lower rail, which is disposed parallel to the first lower rail, so as to be movable in the forward-backward direction, drive motors respectively provided at the first upper rail and the second upper rail, a first rotation guide coupled to the first upper rail and provided with a first gear having a plurality of gear teeth, a second rotation guide coupled to the second upper rail and provided with a first gear having a plurality of gear teeth, and a seat cushion provided with second gears engaged with the first gears and configured to rotate when the first upper rail and the second upper rail move in opposite directions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fan-out buffer which includes a first channel that includes a first delay circuit adjusting a first delay time of a calibration test signal depending on a first delay control signal, a second channel that includes a second delay circuit adjusting a second delay time of the calibration test signal depending on a second delay control signal, a first edge-to-pulse converter that detects a first edge included in a first time domain reflectometry (TDR) waveform of an output terminal of the first channel and generates a first start pulse signal including a first pulse, a second edge-to-pulse converter that generates a second start pulse signal including a second pulse, a stop pulse signal generator that generates a stop pulse signal including a first stop pulse, and a first delay control signal generator that calculates a phase difference generates the first delay control signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a substrate heat-treating apparatus including a process chamber in which a flat substrate to be heat treated is placed, the process chamber comprising a beam transmitting plate placed below the flat substrate and an infrared transmitting plate placed above the flat substrate; a beam irradiating module for irradiating a VCSEL beam having a single wavelength to a lower surface of the flat substrate through the beam transmitting plate; and an emissivity measuring configured to measure the laser beam reflected from the lower surface or an upper surface the flat substrate, thereby measuring the emissivity of the flat substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides substrate heat-treating apparatus including a process chamber in which a flat substrate to be heat treated is placed, the process chamber comprising a beam irradiating plate placed below the flat substrate and an infrared transmitting plate placed above the flat substrate; a beam irradiating module for irradiating a laser beam to a lower surface of the flat substrate through the beam irradiating plate; and a gas circulation cooling module for spraying a cooling gas to an upper surface of the infrared transmitting plate, thereby cooling the infrared transmitting plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fan-out buffer which includes a first channel that includes a first delay circuit adjusting a first delay time of a calibration test signal depending on a first delay control signal, a second channel that includes a second delay circuit adjusting a second delay time of the calibration test signal depending on a second delay control signal, a first edge-to-pulse converter that detects a first edge included in a first time domain reflectometry (TDR) waveform of an output terminal of the first channel and generates a first start pulse signal including a first pulse, a second edge-to-pulse converter that generates a second start pulse signal including a second pulse, a stop pulse signal generator that generates a stop pulse signal including a first stop pulse, and a first delay control signal generator that calculates a phase difference generates the first delay control signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor device including: a substrate including a first active pattern separated into a pair of first active patterns by a trench; a device isolation layer filling the trench; first source/drain patterns on the first active pattern; a first channel pattern connected to the first source/drain patterns and including semiconductor patterns; a first dummy gate electrode that extends while being adjacent to a first sidewall of the trench; a gate electrode that is spaced apart in the first direction from the first dummy gate electrode and extends while running across the first channel pattern, a gate capping pattern on the gate electrode; a gate contact coupled to the gate electrode; and a separation pattern extending between the gate electrode and the first dummy gate electrode. A top surface of the separation pattern is at a same level as that of the gate capping pattern.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include active fins each of which extends in a first direction on a substrate, the active fins being spaced apart from each other in a second direction different from the first direction, a conductive structure extending in the second direction on the substrate, the conductive structure contacting the active fins, a first diffusion break pattern between the substrate and the conductive structure, the first diffusion break pattern dividing a first active fin of the active fins into a plurality of pieces aligned in the first direction, and a second diffusion break pattern adjacent to the conductive structure on the substrate, the second diffusion break pattern having an upper surface higher than a lower surface of the conductive structure, and dividing a second active fin of the active fins into a plurality of pieces aligned in the first direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate; a plurality of conductive areas formed on the substrate at a first vertical level; a first wiring layer formed on the substrate at a second vertical level which is higher than the first vertical level, the first wiring layer including first lines that extend in a first direction, one first line of the first lines connected to a first conductive area selected from the plurality of conductive areas through a via contact; a second wiring layer formed on the substrate at a third vertical level which is higher than the second vertical level, the second wiring layer including second lines that extend in a second direction that crosses the first direction, one second line of the second lines connected to a second conductive area selected from the plurality of conductive areas; and a deep via contact spaced apart from lines of the first wiring layer in a horizontal direction and extending from the second conductive area to the one second line.

Abstract: A method of generating a layout and manufacturing a semiconductor device, including receiving a design layout of a semiconductor device including active fins; extracting a design rule of the active fins from the design layout; forming fin lines overlapping the active fins such that the fin lines have a length that is greater than a length of the active fins, wherein the fin lines continuously extend from a position adjacent to one edge of a layout region of the semiconductor device toward another edge, and are formed in an entirety of the layout region of the semiconductor device; forming a mandrel pattern layout in an entirety of the layout region of the semiconductor device, using the fin lines; and forming a cut pattern layout in the entirety of the layout region of the semiconductor device, using the active fins.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include active fins each of which extends in a first direction on a substrate, the active fins being spaced apart from each other in a second direction different from the first direction, a conductive structure extending in the second direction on the substrate, the conductive structure contacting the active fins, a first diffusion break pattern between the substrate and the conductive structure, the first diffusion break pattern dividing a first active fin of the active fins into a plurality of pieces aligned in the first direction, and a second diffusion break pattern adjacent to the conductive structure on the substrate, the second diffusion break pattern having an upper surface higher than a lower surface of the conductive structure, and dividing a second active fin of the active fins into a plurality of pieces aligned in the first direction.