Abstract: Provided are a composition and a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating a skin disease or condition. In some cases, the method comprises administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising at least about 10 v/v % of thujopsene. In some cases, the skin disease or condition comprises a skin inflammatory disease, an allergic disease, a skin wound, a skin aging-related condition, or particulate matter (PM2.5)-associated condition.

Abstract: Provided are a pharmaceutical composition and a method for treating a microbial infection in a subject in need thereof. In some cases, the composition comprises at least about 10 % of thujopsene and at least about 10% of totarol. The present disclosure also provides a pharmaceutical composition and a method for treating a viral infection in a subject in need thereof. In some cases, the method comprises administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising at least about 10% of thujopsene.

Abstract: A cigarette lighter that discourages humans from smoking which is to emit a prerecorded message each time the cigarette lighter is activated. A typical prerecorded message would be to warn the user that smoking is hazardous to one's health. The prerecorded message can be changed if such is desired.

Abstract: A precharge circuit for use in a static random access memory is disclosed two step bit line pair precharging scheme in a precharge cycle performed prior to a read operation. The first precharging step is performed via each drain-source path of N-channel MOS transistor pair to the corresponding bit lines in response to a first pulse generated by the write enable signal and the following second precharging step is performed via means for precharging more dominantly than the transistor pair in response to a second pulse generated by the address transition detection circuit. Owing to the off-state of the N-channel MOS transistor pair in a read operation after a write operation, high speed read operation is obtained.