Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of a reaction stream comprising 2-chloro-1,1,1-difluoroethane substantially free of oligomeric tars. The process proceeds in a first step by reacting trichloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a hydrofluorination catalyst at a temperature from about ?5° to about 30° C. for a time sufficient to form a reaction mixture comprising 1,1,2-trichloro-1-fluoroethane substantially free of trichloroethylene. In the second step of the process, the reaction mixture is then reacted with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a hydrofluorination catalyst at a temperature of from about 100° to about 175° C. for a time sufficient to form a reaction stream of 2-chloro-1,1,1-difluoroethane substantially free of oligomeric tars.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a chlorofluoro aliphatic hydrocarbon having the formulaCH.sub.a F.sub.3-a --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.c Cl .sub.3-c-b F.sub.bwherein a and c are 0 or the integer 1 or 2 and b is the integer 1, 2 or 3. The process comprises reacting a chlorinated fluoroolefinic hydrocarbon of the formulaCH.sub.a F.sub.3-a --CH.dbd.CH.sub.c Cl.sub.2-cwherein a and c are as previously described, with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and a is as described previously. This reaction is catalyzed with a compound that is a metal oxide or metal halide. The metallic part of such compound is arsenic, antimony, tin, boron or is selected from a metal in Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb or VIIIb of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The desired chlorofluoro aliphatic hydrocarbon is then recovered.

Abstract: A method for removing high molecular weight solid and liquid tars and oligomers from halogenated Lewis acids catalysts is disclosed. The Lewis acids incorporating such tars and oligomers are treated with an oxidizing agent such as chlorine, a halogen fluoride or mixtures thereof for a time and at a temperature sufficient to oxidize said solid tars and oligomers. The oxidation causes such tars and oligomers to form oxidation products, which can be separated from the halogenated Lewis acid.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon having the formulaCH.sub.a F.sub.3-a --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.b F.sub.3-bwherein a is 0 or the integer 1 or 2 and b is 0 or the integer 1, 2 or 3. The reaction occurs in the vapor phase. A chlorofluoro olefin of the formulaCH.sub.c Cl.sub.2-c .dbd.CH--CH.sub.d F.sub.3--dwherein c is 0 or the integer 1 or 2, and d is 0 or the integer 1 or 2 is treated in the vapor phase with hydrogen fluoride. This treating is catalyzed with a compound that is a metal oxide, a metal halide or a mixture thereof. The metallic part of such compound is selected from a metal in Group IIIa, IIIb, IVa, Va, IVb, Vb, VIa, VIb, VIIb and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The treating is carried out for a time sufficient to form the desired fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon which is subsequently recovered from the vapor phase reaction.The process is particularly suitable for the preparation of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for the photochlorination of liquid mixtures of 2 to 6 carbon-containing aliphatic hydrofluorohalocarbons or hydrofluorocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons with ultraviolet light is disclosed. The improvement comprises using ultraviolet light emitted from an ultraviolet light source that delivers from about 0.01 to about 0.10 Einsteins per inch of arc at an input power of from about 0.50 to about 4.0 watts per inch of arc at a wavelength that is substantially the same as the wavelength absorption band of chlorine.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon. The process utilizes a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbon substituted with a halogen selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine as the starting material. The alkyl hydrocarbon is reacted in the vapor phase at a temperature from about 75.degree. to about 150.degree. C. with hydrogen fluoride and a catalytically effective amount of at least one antimony compound having the formulaSb.sub.w.sup.u M.sub.x.sup.v X.sub.y F.sub.z.nHFwhere n is 0 or an integer that is at least 1; M is selected from the group consisting of a metal from Group IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb, VIa, VIb, VIIb and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements; X is chloro, bromo or iodo; u is an integer that is the valence of antimony; v is an integer that is the valence of M; w, x and z are an integer of at least 1; y is 0 or an integer of at least 1; and (w.multidot.u)+(x.multidot.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for the photochlorination of liquid mixtures of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and unsaturated hydrocarbons with ultraviolet light is disclosed. The improvement comprises using ultraviolet light emitted from an ultraviolet light source having an ultraviolet radiation efficiency of at least 0.01 Einsteins per inch of arc per 100 watts input at a wavelength that is substantially the same as the wavelength absorption band of chlorine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of chlorinating vinylidene chloride contained in a solution 1,1 -dichloro-1-fluoroethane to provide a chlorinated compound having a boiling point different from the 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane to permit separation therefrom. The method comprises providing a solution containing 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and vinylidene chloride; introducing chlorine to the solution; and contacting the chlorine containing solution with a metal oxide to effect chlorination of the vinylidene chloride to produce one of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, trichloroethylene and pentachloroethane.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a compound selected from the group consisting of 1,1,3,3-tetrachloropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrachloropropene. The process comprisesa. admixing a hydrocarbon compound selected from the group consisting of propene, 1-chloropropene, 3-chloropropene, 1,1-dichloropropene, 1,3-dichloropropene, 3,3,-dichloropropene, 1,1-dichloropropane, 11,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropane, 1,1,3-trichloropropene, 1,3,3-trichloropropene, 3,3,3-trichloropropene, and mixtures thereof with an inert diluent gas;b. preheating said mixture to from about 300.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C. and then mixing it with chlorine gas; andc. thermally treating the mixture of step b. at a temperature of from about 400.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C.The desired tetrachloropropene is then separated.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a fluorinated aliphatic olefin having the formulaCH.sub.a F.sub.3-a --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.b F.sub.3-bwherein a is 0 or the integer 1 or d and b is 0 or the integer 1, 2 or 3.In the first step of the process, a chlorinated olefinic hydrocarbon of the formulaCH.sub.c Cl.sub.2-c .dbd.CH--CH.sub.d Cl.sub.3-dwherein c is 0 or the integer 1 and d is 0 or the integer 1 or 2 is reacted with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for a period of time and at a temperature sufficient to form a chlorofluoro olefin of the formulaCH.sub.e Cl.sub.2-e .dbd.CH--CH.sub.f F.sub.3-fwherein e is 0 or the integer 1 and f is 0 or the integer 1 or 2.The chlorofluoro olefin produced in the first step is then reacted with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in a second reaction. This second reaction is catalyzed with at least one compound that is a metal oxide or metal halide. Mixtures of said metal oxides, metal halides and metal oxides with metal halides may also be used.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a fluorinated aliphatic olefin having the formulaCH.sub.a F.sub.3-a --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.b F.sub.3-bwherein a is 0 or the integer 1 or 2 and b is 0 or the integer 1, 2 or 3.In the first step of the process, a chlorinated olefinic hydrocarbon of the formulaCH.sub.c Cl.sub.2-c .dbd.CH--CH.sub.d Cl.sub.3-dwherein c is 0 or the integer 1 and d is 0 or the integer 1 or 2 is reacted with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for a period of time and at a temperature sufficient to form a chlorofluoro olefin of the formulaCH.sub.e Cl.sub.2-e .dbd.CH--CH.sub.f F.sub.3-fwherein e is 0 or the integer 1 and f is 0 or the integer 1 or 2.The chlorofluoro olefin produced in the first step is then reacted with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in a second reaction. This second reaction is catalyzed with at least one compound that is a metal oxide or metal halide. Mixtures of said metal oxides, metal halides and metal oxides with metal halides may also be used.

Abstract: A more efficient reaction mechanism is provided for producing 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) by reacting vinylidene chloride with hydrogen fluoride in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst and a sulfone solvent or a nitroalkane or nitroarene solvent. In particular, by using a titanium tetrafluoride catalyst in conjunction with tetramethylene sulfone solvent, most all the vinylidene chloride reagent can be converted to HCFC-141b to the virtual exclusion of unwanted, closely associated byproducts like 1,1-difluoro-1-chloroethane (HCFC-142b) and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), while reducing the production of tars to a minimum.

Abstract: A more efficient reaction mechanism is provided for producing 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) by reacting vinylidene chloride with hydrogen fluoride in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst and sulfone-based or nitrated solvent. In particular, by using a titanium tetrafluoride catalyst in conjunction with tetramethylene sulfone solvent, most all the vinylidene chloride reagent can be converted to HCFC-141b to the virtual exclusion of unwanted, closely associated byproducts like 1,1-difluoro-1-chloroethane (HCFC-142b) 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), while reducing the production of tars to a minimum.