Abstract: A method for characterizing a mobile particle in a sample includes acquisition of at least one image of the sample during an acquisition period, using an image sensor and formation of a series of images, the series of images comprising at least one image; use of each image of the series of images as input image of a detection convolutional neural network, the detection convolutional neural network being configured to detect the particles and to produce, from each image, an output image on which each detected particle is assigned a distribution of intensity, centered on the particle and extending around the particle; for each detected particle, from each output image, estimation of a position of each detected particle in each image of the series of images; and characterization of each detected particle from the estimation of the position established from each image of the series of images.

Abstract: A method is provided for correcting a reconstruction artefact of a three-dimensional tomographic image. The method includes the steps of providing an acquired three-dimensional tomographic image from a cell group, and applying the image to a neural network trained in advance to determine a corrected tomographic image.

Abstract: The invention describes an iterative reconstructing method allowing a spatial distribution of fluorescence in an object to be obtained. The method comprises acquiring images of fluorescence in various planes at various depths in the object, so as to form a three-dimensional acquired image. It comprises an iterative reconstructing algorithm with, in each iteration, an initial fluorescence distribution or a fluorescence distribution resulting from a preceding iteration being taken into account, and the fluorescence light wave propagating through the object being simulated, so as to obtain a reconstruction of the acquired image. The acquired image, or a differential image corresponding to a comparison between the acquired image and the reconstructed image, is then back-propagated through the object, so as to update the fluorescence distribution. FIG. 5B.

Abstract: A method for determining a state of a cell, the cell being placed in a sample, in contact with a culture medium, the method comprising: illuminating the sample with a light source and acquiring an image of the sample with an image sensor, the image sensor lying in a detection plane; from the acquired image, locating a position of the cell in a plane parallel to the detection plane; the method further comprising: from the acquired image, estimating a refractive index of the cell or a relative refractive index of the cell, the relative refractive index corresponding to a refractive index of the cell relative to the refractive index of the culture medium; from the estimation of the refractive index or of the relative refractive index, determining an index of interest of the cell; from the index of interest, classifying a state of the cell among predetermined states, the predetermined states comprising at least one apoptosis state and one living state.

Abstract: A device for observing a biological sample is provided, including: a light source to emit a light beam at a wavelength between 1 ?m and 20 ?m; an image sensor including pixels defining a detection plane; a holder to hold the sample between the source and the sensor at a distance from the plane smaller than 1 mm, such that the source is configured to illuminate an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2, no image-forming optics are placed between the sample and the sensor, and the sensor is configured to acquire an image corresponding to an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2 and representative of an absorption of the beam by the sample at the wavelength; and a processor to determine a map of an amount of analyte in the sample, based on the image acquired by the sensor, the analyte absorbing light at the wavelength.

Abstract: A method for observing a sample (10), the sample lying in a plane of the sample defining radial coordinates, the method comprising the following steps: a) illuminating the sample using a light source (11), able to emit an incident light wave (12) that propagates toward the sample along a propagation axis (Z); b) acquiring, using an image sensor (16), an image (I0) of the sample (10), said image being formed in a detection plane (P0), the sample being placed between the light source (11) and the image sensor (16), such that the incident light wave sees an optical path difference, parallel to the propagation axis (Z), by passing through the sample; c) processing the image acquired by the image sensor; wherein the processing of the acquired image comprises taking into account vectors of parameters, respectively defined at a plurality of radial coordinates, in the plane of the sample, each vector of parameters being associated with one radial coordinate, and comprising a term representative of an optical para

Abstract: A method for observation of a sample, the sample comprising microorganisms immersed in a nontransparent culture medium, the culture medium being favorable to the development of the microorganisms, and the sample being arranged between a light source and an image sensor, includes illuminating the sample with the light source, the light source emitting light propagating along an axis of propagation; acquiring an image of the sample by the image sensor; and, from the image acquired, characterizing the microorganisms. Light travels along the microorganisms through the culture medium to the sensor.

Abstract: A method for observing a sample, the sample lying in a sample plane defining radial positions, parameters of the sample being defined at each radial position, the method comprising: a) illuminating the sample using a light source, emitting an incident light wave that propagates toward the sample; b) acquiring, using an image sensor, an image of the sample, said image being formed in a detection plane, the sample being placed between the light source and the image sensor; c) processing the image acquired by the image sensor, so as to obtain an image of the sample, the image of the sample corresponding to a distribution of at least one parameter of the sample describing the sample in the sample plane; wherein the processing of the acquired image comprises implementing an iterative method, followed by applying a supervised machine learning algorithm, so as to obtain an initialization image intended to initialize the iterative method.

Abstract: Method for detecting or predicting the occurrence of a cell event, selected from between cell division or cell death, in a sample (10), the sample extending in at least one sample plane (P10) and comprising cells (10p) immersed in a medium, the method comprising the following steps: a) arranging the sample between a light source (11) and an image sensor (16); b) illuminating the sample (10) using the light source (11) and acquiring a plurality of successive images ((Ii(ti), I1(ti+1) . . . I1(ti+K)) of the sample at different instants ([ti; ti+K]) forming an acquisition time range, each image being representative of an exposure light wave to which the image sensor is exposed; c) on the basis of each acquired image of the sample, calculating an observation image at each instant (I10(ti), I10(ti+1) . . .

Abstract: A device for observing a biological sample is provided, including: a light source to emit a light beam at a wavelength between 1 ?m and 20 ?m; an image sensor including pixels defining a detection plane; a holder to hold the sample between the source and the sensor at a distance from the plane smaller than 1 mm, such that the source is configured to illuminate an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2, no image-forming optics are placed between the sample and the sensor, and the sensor is configured to acquire an image corresponding to an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2 and representative of an absorption of the beam by the sample at the wavelength; and a processor to determine a map of an amount of analyte in the sample, based on the image acquired by the sensor, the analyte absorbing light at the wavelength.

Abstract: A method is provided for observing a biological sample between a light source and a pixelated image sensor, the light emitting an incident light beam, which propagates to the sample along a propagation axis and at an emission wavelength, the method including: illuminating the sample with the source; and acquiring an image of the sample with the sensor, no image-forming optic being placed between the sample and the sensor, the sample absorbing some of the beam, such that the acquired image is representative of an absorption of the beam by the sample at the emission wavelength, the source illuminates an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2, the image acquired of the sample by the sensor corresponds to an area of sample larger than 1 mm2, and pixels of the sensor define a detection plane, the sample being placed at a distance from the plane smaller than 1 mm.

Abstract: A method for characterizing a particle present in a sample, the sample lying between an image sensor and a light source and the sensor lying in a detection plane, includes illuminating the sample with the light source which emits an incident light wave propagating along a propagation axis, and acquiring an image of the sample with the sensor. The sensor is exposed to an exposure light wave. The image includes a plurality of elementary diffraction patterns each corresponding to one particle. The method also includes reconstructing a complex image representative of a complex amplitude of the light wave on a reconstruction surface passing through the sample, based on the acquired image; selecting a region of interest of the complex image corresponding to a particle of interest; forming an extracted image based on the region of interest; and characterizing the particle of interest depending on the extracted region of interest.

Abstract: A method is provided for observing a biological sample between a light source and a pixelated image sensor, the light emitting an incident light beam, which propagates to the sample along a propagation axis and at an emission wavelength, the method including: illuminating the sample with the source; and acquiring an image of the sample with the sensor, no image-forming optic being placed between the sample and the sensor, the sample absorbing some of the beam, such that the acquired image is representative of an absorption of the beam by the sample at the emission wavelength, the source illuminates an area of the sample larger than 1 mm2, the image acquired of the sample by the sensor corresponds to an area of sample larger than 1 mm2, and pixels of the sensor define a detection plane, the sample being placed at a distance from the plane smaller than 1 mm.

Abstract: A method for observing a fluorescent sample, the sample comprising a fluorescent agent that emits fluorescence light, in a fluorescence spectral band, when it is illuminated by excitation light, in an excitation spectral band, the method comprising the following steps: a) placing the sample on a holder; b) illuminating the sample, with an excitation light source, in the excitation spectral band, the light emitted by the light source propagating along a propagation axis; c) detecting fluorescence light, in the fluorescence spectral band, with an image sensor; the method being such that the holder comprises a thin layer formed from a first material, of a first refractive index, the thin layer lying in a holder plane perpendicular to the propagation axis, the thin layer comprising a first photonic crystal and second photonic crystals configured to confine the excitation light and the fluorescence light in the thin layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for tracking the amplification of a sequence of nucleotides in a sample (10). The sample is placed between a light source (12) and an image sensor (16). Under the effect of amplification reagents, mixed with the sample, a nucleotide sequence, called the target sequence, is replicated iteratively, amplifying the target sequence. The method includes the acquisition of an image representative of the formation of a precipitate in the sample under the effect of the amplification, on the basis of which an image of interest is formed. The application of a statistical indicator to the image of interest allows an indicator of the amplification of the target sequence to be determined.

Abstract: A method for determining a parameter of a particle present in a sample, the method comprising the following steps: a) illuminating the sample with the light source, the light source emitting an incident light wave that propagates along a propagation axis; b) acquiring an image of the sample with the image sensor, the image sensor being exposed to an exposure light wave; c) determining a position of the particle in the detection plane; d) on the basis of the acquired image, applying a propagation operator, for a plurality of distances from a detection plane, so as to estimate, at each distance, a complex amplitude of the exposure light wave; e) on the basis of the complex amplitude estimated, at various distances, obtaining a profile representing a variation of the complex amplitude of the exposure light wave along an axis parallel to the propagation axis and passing through the position of the particle.

Abstract: A method for observing a sample, the sample lying in a sample plane defining radial positions, parameters of the sample being defined at each radial position, the method comprising: a) illuminating the sample using a light source, emitting an incident light wave that propagates toward the sample; b) acquiring, using an image sensor, an image of the sample, said image being formed in a detection plane, the sample being placed between the light source and the image sensor; c) processing the image acquired by the image sensor, so as to obtain an image of the sample, the image of the sample corresponding to a distribution of at least one parameter of the sample describing the sample in the sample plane; wherein the processing of the acquired image comprises implementing an iterative method, followed by applying a supervised machine learning algorithm, so as to obtain an initialization image intended to initialize the iterative method.

Abstract: A method for observing a fluorescent sample, the sample comprising a fluorescent agent that emits fluorescence light, in a fluorescence spectral band, when it is illuminated by excitation light, in an excitation spectral band, the method comprising the following steps: a) placing the sample on a holder; b) illuminating the sample, with an excitation light source, in the excitation spectral band, the light emitted by the light source propagating along a propagation axis; c) detecting fluorescence light, in the fluorescence spectral band, with an image sensor; the method being such that the holder comprises a thin layer formed from a first material, of a first refractive index, the thin layer lying in a holder plane perpendicular to the propagation axis, the thin layer comprising a first photonic crystal and second photonic crystals configured to confine the excitation light and the fluorescence light in the thin layer.

Abstract: A method for holographic characterization of a particle contained in a sample, based on an image, or hologram, of the sample obtained by an image sensor when the sample is illuminated by a light source. The hologram is the subject of a holographic reconstruction, to obtain a reference complex image, representative of the light wave transmitted by the sample in a reconstruction plane. A holographic propagation operator is applied to the reference complex image, to obtain a plurality of secondary complex images, from which a profile is determined describing the change in an optical feature of the light wave transmuted by the sample along the axis of propagation of the light wave.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for observing a sample (15), comprising the illumination of the sample using a light source (11) and the acquisition of an image (Io) of the sample using an image sensor (16), the sample being disposed between the image sensor and the light source. Iterative steps are applied to the acquired image (Io), also referred to as a hologram, comprising: a single iterative numerical propagation (h), such as to estimate a complex image (A) of the sample in a reconstruction plane (P10) or in a detection plane (P0), in which the image sensor extends. The complex image can be used for the characterisation of the sample.