Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for use in predicting impedance values or responses in a three-dimensional space. Broadly, an impedance potential field and its measurement characteristics is modeled in an impedance model such that an impedance measurement may be estimated for any location within the impedance potential field. The impedance model may evolve over time based on actual impedance measurements of electrodes located in the three-dimensional space. Initially a plurality of patch electrodes to provide an impedance field to a three-dimensional space while electrodes disposed in the impedance field measure impedances. While each patch is driven, a number of independent impedance fields exist between the non-driven patches. These independent impedance potential fields may be estimated and mapped to impedance measurements of the electrode(s) at locations(s) within the impedance field to model the impedance field.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for implementing a catheter model to estimate shape of a deformable catheter in a three-dimensional space. The catheter model includes two or more model segments that correspond to two or more segments of the deformable catheter. Each model segment includes a length and location of model electrode(s) and/or model magnetic sensor(s) corresponding electrodes and/or magnetic sensors of the deformable catheter. Variable shape parameter define a curvature of the segment. Varying the shape parameters generates a plurality of potential catheter shapes. In conjunction with generating the potential catheter shapes, impedance and/or magnetic responses (e.g., measured responses) are obtained for the physical electrodes and/or physical magnetic sensors of the deformable catheter. Using a selected one (e.g., most likely) of the potential catheter shapes and the measured responses, the shape parameters are updated and a catheter shape is generated and displayed.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for use in identifying location of electrodes of a catheter within a three-dimensional space. The systems and methods initially predict locations of physical electrodes and/or physical magnetic sensors of the catheter in the three-dimensional space. Impedance and/or magnetic responses are predicted for the predicted locations. Actual measurements/responses (e.g., measured responses) are then obtained for the physical electrodes and/or physical sensors. Based on the predicted responses and the measured responses, the systems and methods generate calculated locations of electrodes and/or sensors in the three-dimensional space. The systems and method utilize information from both the predicted responses and the measured responses to produce the calculated locations, which may have an accuracy that is greater than locations produced by either the predicted responses or the measured responses.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for use in predicting impedance values or responses in a three-dimensional space. Broadly, an impedance potential field and its measurement characteristics is modeled in an impedance model such that an impedance measurement may be estimated for any location within the impedance potential field. The impedance model may evolve over time based on actual impedance measurements of electrodes located in the three-dimensional space. Initially a plurality of patch electrodes to provide an impedance field to a three-dimensional space while electrodes disposed in the impedance field measure impedances. While each patch is driven, a number of independent impedance fields exist between the non-driven patches. These independent impedance potential fields may be estimated and mapped to impedance measurements of the electrode(s) at locations(s) within the impedance field to model the impedance field.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for implementing a catheter model to estimate shape of a deformable catheter in a three-dimensional space. The catheter model includes two or more model segments that correspond to two or more segments of the deformable catheter. Each model segment includes a length and location of model electrode(s) and/or model magnetic sensor(s) corresponding electrodes and/or magnetic sensors of the deformable catheter. Variable shape parameter define a curvature of the segment. Varying the shape parameters generates a plurality of potential catheter shapes. In conjunction with generating the potential catheter shapes, impedance and/or magnetic responses (e.g., measured responses) are obtained for the physical electrodes and/or physical magnetic sensors of the deformable catheter. Using a selected one (e.g., most likely) of the potential catheter shapes and the measured responses, the shape parameters are updated and a catheter shape is generated and displayed.

Abstract: A pre-shift set of fiducials each including a pre-shift fiducial impedance location and a pre-shift fiducial magnetic location can be determined. The pre-shift fiducial impedance locations and the pre-shift fiducial magnetic location are associated with a medical device. A post-shift set of fiducials each including a post-shift fiducial impedance location and a post-shift fiducial magnetic location can be determined. The post-shift fiducial impedance locations and the post-shift fiducial magnetic locations are associated with the medical device. A pre-shift transformation can be fit to the pre-shift set of fiducials and a post-shift transformation can be fit to the post-shift set of fiducials. A determination can be made whether the pre-shift transformation differs from the post-shift transformation.

Abstract: A pre-shift set of fiducials each including a pre-shift fiducial impedance location and a pre-shift fiducial magnetic location can be determined. The pre-shift fiducial impedance locations and the pre-shift fiducial magnetic location are associated with a medical device. A post-shift set of fiducials each including a post-shift fiducial impedance location and a post-shift fiducial magnetic location can be determined. The post-shift fiducial impedance locations and the post-shift fiducial magnetic locations are associated with the medical device. A pre-shift transformation can be fit to the pre-shift set of fiducials and a post-shift transformation can be fit to the post-shift set of fiducials. A determination can be made whether the pre-shift transformation differs from the post-shift transformation.