Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to catalytic activated carbon structures and the methods of removing sulfur-containing compounds from fluid stream using such catalytic activated carbon structures. In certain aspects, the catalytic activated carbon structure comprise nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, cuprous oxide, and a binder, wherein the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon includes from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of nitrogen based on total weight of the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, at least about 30% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of at least 398.0 eV as determined by XPS.