Abstract: A whey protein composition includes a whey protein and ?-casein. The mass ratio of the ?-casein to the whey protein is not less than 4.5:95.5. The whey protein composition provided by the present invention is mainly composed of a particular whey protein ingredient that has a slower digestion characteristic than other whey proteins currently on the market. The whey protein composition is a ?-casein-riched whey protein concentrate to which micronized and complex natural polysaccharides can be added, and the function of delaying digestion to promote muscle synthesis and provide adequate nutrition can be achieved.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode for an electro-synthetic or electro-energy cell, for example a fuel cell, including one or more gas permeable layers, a first conductive layer provided on a first side of the gas diffusion electrode, and a second layer, which may be a second conductive layer, provided on a second side of the gas diffusion electrode. The one or more gas permeable layers are positioned between the first conductive layer and the second layer, which may be a second conductive layer, and the one or more gas permeable layers provide a gas channel. The one or more gas permeable layers are gas permeable and substantially impermeable to the liquid electrolyte. The porous conductive material is gas permeable and liquid electrolyte permeable. The gas diffusion electrode can be one of a plurality of alternating anode/cathode sets.

Abstract: An electrode for a water splitting device, the electrode comprising a gas permeable material, a second material, for example a further gas permeable material, a spacer layer positioned between the gas permeable material and the second material, the spacer layer providing a gas collection layer and a conducting layer. The conducting layer can be provided adjacent to or at least partially within the gas permeable material. The gas collection layer is able to transport gas internally in the electrode. The gas permeable materials can be gas permeable membranes. Also disclosed are electrochemical cells using such an electrode as the cathode and/or anode, and methods for bringing about gas-to-liquid or liquid-to-gas transformations, for example for producing hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed are gas permeable 3D electrodes, preferably that have practical utility in, particularly, electro-energy and electro-synthetic applications. Gas permeable materials, such as non-conductive porous polymer membranes, are attached to one or more porous conductive materials. In another aspect there is provided a method for the fabrication of gas permeable 3D electrodes, for example gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs). The 3D electrodes can be utilised in electrochemical cells or devices.

Abstract: Disclosed are gas permeable 3D electrodes, preferably that have practical utility in, particularly, electro-energy and electro-synthetic applications. Gas permeable materials, such as non-conductive porous polymer membranes, are attached to one or more porous conductive materials. In another aspect there is provided a method for the fabrication of gas permeable 3D electrodes, for example gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs). The 3D electrodes can be utilized in electrochemical cells or devices.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode for an electro-synthetic or electro-energy cell, for example a fuel cell, including one or more gas permeable layers, a first conductive layer provided on a first side of the gas diffusion electrode, and a second layer, which may be a second conductive layer, provided on a second side of the gas diffusion electrode. The one or more gas permeable layers are positioned between the first conductive layer and the second layer, which may be a second conductive layer, and the one or more gas permeable layers provide a gas channel. The one or more gas permeable layers are gas permeable and substantially impermeable to the liquid electrolyte. The porous conductive material is gas permeable and liquid electrolyte permeable.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode for an electro-synthetic or electro-energy cell, for example a fuel cell, including one or more gas permeable layers, a first conductive layer provided on a first side of the gas diffusion electrode, and a second layer, which may be a second conductive layer, provided on a second side of the gas diffusion electrode. The one or more gas permeable layers are positioned between the first conductive layer and the second layer, which may be a second conductive layer, and the one or more gas permeable layers provide a gas channel. The one or more gas permeable layers are gas permeable and substantially impermeable to the liquid electrolyte. The porous conductive material is gas permeable and liquid electrolyte permeable. The gas diffusion electrode can be one of a plurality of alternating anode/cathode sets.

Abstract: Disclosed are gas permeable 3D electrodes, preferably that have practical utility in, particularly, electro-energy and electro-synthetic applications. Gas permeable materials, such as non-conductive porous polymer membranes, are attached to one or more porous conductive materials. In another aspect there is provided a method for the fabrication of gas permeable 3D electrodes, for example gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs). The 3D electrodes can be utilised in electrochemical cells or devices.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode for an electro-synthetic or electro-energy cell, for example a fuel cell, including one or more gas permeable layers, a first conductive layer provided on a first side of the gas diffusion electrode, and a second layer, which may be a second conductive layer, provided on a second side of the gas diffusion electrode. The one or more gas permeable layers are positioned between the first conductive layer and the second layer, which may be a second conductive layer, and the one or more gas permeable layers provide a gas channel. The one or more gas permeable layers are gas permeable and substantially impermeable to the liquid electrolyte. The porous conductive material is gas permeable and liquid electrolyte permeable. The gas diffusion electrode can be one of a plurality of alternating anode/cathode sets.

Abstract: An electrode for a water splitting device, the electrode comprising a gas permeable material, a second material, for example a further gas permeable material, a spacer layer positioned between the gas permeable material and the second material, the spacer layer providing a gas collection layer and a conducting layer. The conducting layer can be provided adjacent to or at least partially within the gas permeable material. The gas collection layer is able to transport gas internally in the electrode. The gas permeable materials can be gas permeable membranes. Also disclosed are electrochemical cells using such an electrode as the cathode and/or anode, and methods for bringing about gas-to-liquid or liquid-to-gas transformations, for example for producing hydrogen.