Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the content of carbon dioxide in an aqueous medium, particularly boiler condensate from an electrical power plant. The apparatus comprises a container or housing defining an elongated vertical indicator chamber and a parallel vertical reference chamber which are connected by a generally horizontal passage. An indicator electrode and a reference electrode are mounted in the indicator chamber and reference chamber, respectively. The lower end of the indicator chamber is open, and the open end is enclosed by a membrane of microporous polytetrafluoroethylene. The lower end of the indicator electrode is flat or planar and is located in close proximity to the inner face of the membrane. A filling liquid consisting of pure water is located within both chambers in contact with the respective electrodes. The apparatus can be mounted in a condensate bleed line of a power plant. The condensate in the bleed line is in initially adjusted in pH to a value of about 4.

Abstract: A method for determining concentrations of solutes such as alcohols, amino acids, carbohydrates, calcium, etc. in water solution. The open-circuit potential shift of an oxidatively pretreated nickel electrode in alkaline solution is used.

Abstract: A common source of DC potential is utilized to simultaneously provide power to the protective anode in an electrically heated hot water heater and to the circuit used to bias the heating element jacket to reduce the current load the jacket would otherwise impose on the protective anode. By utilizing a common DC power source, the desired voltage relationship between the protective anode, the positively biased heating element jacket and negatively biased tank wall may be maintained, regardless of changes in the supply. The need for a second separate power supply is obviated and overall construction of the system substantially simplified. The DC power source may comprise a battery or rectified AC current from the power to the heating element.

Abstract: A technique for determining and distinguishing between specific species of chlorine in a supply of water is disclosed herein along with certain applicable apparatus. In carrying out this technique, one or more water samples are obtained from a larger supply and made to display a pH within a specific range. In a preferred embodiment, a sample is provided for each of the different species of chlorine to be determined. A predetermined amount of hydrogen peroxide is added to each of these samples. If hypochlorous acid and/or hypochlorite (one of the species to be determined) is present in any of the samples, the hydrogen peroxide by itself will react therewith for producing oxygen. If however either monochloramine or dichloramine (other chlorine species) is present, it is necessary to combine the hydrogen peroxide with a certain minimum amount of iodine, preferably in the form of potassium iodide, to produce an oxygen evolving reaction.

Abstract: A technique for determining and distinguishing between specific species of chlorine in a supply of water is disclosed herein along with certain applicable apparatus. In carrying out this technique, one or more water samples are obtained from a larger supply and made to display a pH within a specific range. In a preferred embodiment, a sample is provided for each of the different species of chlorine to be determined. A predetermined amount of hydrogen peroxide is added to each of these samples. If hypochlorous acid and/or hypochlorite (one of the species to be determined) is present in any of the samples, the hydrogen peroxide by itself will react therewith for producing oxygen. If however either monochloramine or dichloramine (other chlorine species) is present, it is necessary to combine the hydrogen peroxide with a certain minimum amount of iodine, preferably in the form of potassium iodide, to produce an oxygen evolving reaction.

Abstract: An amperometric sensor device for electrochemical determination of polyhydroxy and polyamine compounds in liquid chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography in which use is made of an electrode formed of a substrate of transition metals having a surface layer formed of a multivalent oxide/hydroxide of the metal and in which the anionic vacancies in the coating are partially filled with halide or sulfide ions and/or in which cationic vacancies are at least partially filled with alkali metal ions.

Abstract: A method for determining hydrogen peroxide, sugars and other polyhydroxy compounds in blood serum, urine and aqueous solutions by direct electrochemical oxidation in aqueous alkaline medium with a transition metal oxide catalyst electrode in the presence of lithium hydroxide in solution.