Abstract: A composition comprising: (A) a metal salt of (A)(I) at least one acid of the formula ##STR1## wherein each X and X.sup.1 is independently oxygen or sulfur, each n is zero or one, and each R.sup.1 is independently the same or different hydrocarbon based group, and (A)(II) at least one carboxylic acid of about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms, the ratio of equivalents of (A)(I) to equivalents of (A)(II) being in the range of about 0.5:1 to about 1:0; and (B) an olefinically unsaturated compound capable of reacting with active sulfur. Compositions comprising the foregoing composition reacted with active sulfur are also disclosed. Lubricants and functional fluids comprising the foregoing compositions are disclosed. A process comprising reacting active sulfur with an olefinically unsaturated compound in the presence of component (A) is also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition comprising: (A) a metal salt of (A)(I) at least one acid of the formula ##STR1## wherein each X and X.sup.1 is independently oxygen or sulfur, each n is zero or one, and each R.sup.1 is independently the same or different hydrocarbon based group, and (A)(II) at least one carboxylic acid of about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms, the ratio of equivalents of (A)(I) to equivalents of (A)(II) being in the range of about 0.5:1 to about 1:0; and (B) an olefinically unsaturated compound capable of reacting with active sulfur. Compositions comprising the foregoing composition reacted with active sulfur are also disclosed. Lubricants and functional fluids comprising the foregoing compositions are disclosed. A process comprising reacting active sulfur with an olefinically unsaturated compound in the presence of component (A) is also disclosed.

Abstract: Certain metal salts of one or more dialkylphosphorodithioic acids are disclosed wherein(A) the alkyl groups each contain from two to four carbon atoms and at least one alkyl group is a butyl group,(B) the total number of carbon atoms per phosphorus atoms is less than 8,(C) from about 30 to 90 mole percent of the alkyl groups are primary alkyl groups,(D) from about 10 to 70 mole percent of the alkyl groups are secondary alkyl groups, and(E) the metal salt is a zinc, copper or iron salt, mixtures thereof, or a mixture of calcium salt and one or more of said metal salts; provided that when only 2 alkyl groups are present, from about 30 to 80 mole percent of the alkyl groups are n-butyl groups, from about 20 to 70 mole percent of the said alkyl groups are isopropyl groups.These metal salts are oil-soluble and are useful as antioxidants and anti-wear agents particularly in lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: A composition comprising (A) a mixed metal salt of (A)(I) at least one acid of formula I ##STR1## wherein R' and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each of R' and R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbon-based radical, and (A)(II) at least one aliphatic or alicyclic carboxylic acid containing from about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms; the ratio of equivalents of (A)(I) to (A)(II) being in the range of about 0.5:1 and about 400:1; and (B) at least one sulfurized Group II metal phenate; the weight ratio of (A) to (B) being in the range of about 40:1 to about 1:2. These compositions are useful in lubricants and functional fluids (such as hydraulic fluids) as antioxidants and extreme pressure agents having improved thermal stability.

Abstract: Mixed metal salts (especially zinc salts) of dialkylphosphorodithioic acids and carboxylic acids, the ratio of equivalents of the dialkylphosphorodithioic to the carboxylic acid being between about 0.5:1 and about 4.5:1, are useful in lubricants and functional fluids (such as hydraulic fluids) as antioxidants and extreme pressure agents having improved thermal stability.

Abstract: Molybdenum-containing compositions prepared by reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound capable of reacting with active sulfur with a composition prepared by reacting:(a) a phosphorus-containing acid represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein each X and X' is independently oxygen or sulfur, each n is zero or one and each R is independently the same or a different hydrocarbon-based radical; and(b) at least one hexavalent molybdenum oxide compound, and(c) hydrogen sulfide,in the presence of (d) a polar solvent are useful as additives for lubricants. Internal combustion engines, especially gasoline engines, when lubricated by said additive-containing lubricants exhibit improved fuel economy.

Abstract: The properties of salts of dialkylphosphorodithioic acids are improved by treating said salts or their acid precursors with phosphites, especially triaryl phosphites. This process reduces the tendency of the salts to stain and corrode metal parts, especially copper parts, when incorporated in lubricants and functional fluids. The process may also be used to treat mixed metal salts of dialkylphosphorodithioic and carboxylic acids.

Abstract: Acidic polysaccharides of the type obtainable by microbial fermentation of an organic material such as a carbohydrate (e.g., xanthan gum) form novel amine salts with aliphatic or alicyclic polyamines having at least three amino nitrogen atoms and a molecular weight of at least 150. The amine salts may be used for isolation of the microbial polysaccharide from its fermentation broth by a process comprising the steps of acidifying, forming the amine salt by adding the amine or a salt thereof, and reducing the inorganic salt concentration as necessary (e.g., by dilution).