Abstract: The present invention provides structures and methods that utilize fuel reformation to assist in thermal management of a channel-less SOFC at the device cell and/or stack assembly level. At the device level, passive and/or active control of unreformed fuel, or a mixture of reformed and unreformed fuel, is used to inject fuel in a distributed manner along the anode chamber of the channel-less SOFC. The injected fuel can be controlled in its composition, pressure, velocities, and/or flow rates. Additionally, present invention provides thermal management across a plurality of fuel cells in a stack assembly by actively controlling fuel composition, pressure, velocities, and/or flow rates provided to fuel inlets of the fuel cells.

Abstract: A bus bar for an electrolyte sheet is provided that includes a bus strip of electrically conductive material in contact with a side edge of the cell or cells in the electrolyte sheet, wherein the amount of material in shoulder portions of the bus strip decreases as the strip approaches end portions of the cell edge to reduce stress. Preferably, such material reduction is accomplished by tapering the shoulder portions of the bus strip. The tapered shape of the shoulders reduces the amount of electrical conductor needed to form the bus bar. The stress reducing bus bar also includes a lead which is orthogonally oriented with respect to the longitudinal axis of the side edge of the cell. The tapered shape of the shoulder portions of the bus strip, in combination with the orthogonally oriented lead, reduces stresses that would otherwise occur between the bus bar and the electrolyte sheet as a result of differences in the thermal coefficient of expansion.

Abstract: Labels, methods of making labels and methods of using labels are disclosed. The labels can be manufactured using fiber drawing techniques or by shutter masking. The labels can be used for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample and for detecting interactions of biomolecules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to arrays comprising porous substrates for attachment of nucleic acids, polypeptides, membranes, or other biological or organic materials. In many embodiments, the arrays of the present invention have a flow-through configuration such that washing buffers or samples can access to the porous substrates from at least two sides of the arrays. The present invention also features arrays comprising UV-compatible porous substrates, arrays comprising three-dimensional membranes in sol-gels, and arrays comprising silica-based porous substrates prepared using a low-temperature fusion process.

Abstract: An electrode structure for a low voltage, high current electrical production device includes a charge transfer member (612). An electrically conductive member (605) having a non-uniform resistance is disposed on the charge transfer member 612 for optimizing current coupling.