Abstract: Labels, methods of making labels and methods of using labels are disclosed. The labels can be manufactured using fiber drawing techniques or by shutter masking. The labels can be used for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample and for detecting interactions of biomolecules.

Abstract: An electrode structure for a low voltage, high current electrical production device includes a charge transfer member (612). An electrically conductive member (605) having a non-uniform resistance is disposed on the charge transfer member 612 for optimizing current coupling.

Abstract: Labels, methods of making labels and methods of using labels are disclosed. The labels can be manufactured using fiber drawing techniques or by shutter masking. The labels can be used for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample and for detecting interactions of biomolecules.

Abstract: An electrolytic perovskite and method for synthesizing the electrolytic perovskite are described herein. Basically, the electrolytic perovskite is a solid that has an ion conductivity greater than 10?5 S/cm in a temperature range of 0–400° C., wherein the ion is Li+, H+, Cu+, Ag+, Na+ or Mg2+. For example, Li1/8Na3/8La1/4Zr1/4Nb3/4O3 (5.26×10?4 S/cm) and Li1/8K1/2La1/8NbO3 (2.86×10?3 S/cm) are two electrolytic perovskites that have been synthesized in accordance with the present invention that have a high Li+ conductivity at 20° C. Both compositions have been confirmed in experiments to conduct Ag+ and H+ ions, as well. The present invention also includes a solid proton conductor that can be formed from the electrolytic perovskite by replacing the ions located therein with protons.

Abstract: A planar, rigid substrate made from a porous, inorganic material coated with cationic polymer molecules for attachment of an array of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, peptides, and proteins. The substrate has a top surface with about at least 200 to about 200,000 times greater surface area than that of a comparable, non-porous substrate. The cationic polymer molecules are anchored on the top surface and in the pores of the porous material. In high-density applications, an array of polynucleotides of a known, predetermined sequence is attached to this cationic polymer layer, such that each of the polynucleotide is attached to a different localized area on the top surface. The top surface has a surface area for attaching biomolecules of approximately 387,500 cm2/cm2 of area (˜7.5 million cm2/1×3 inch piece of substrate). Each pore of the plurality of pores in the top surface of the substrate has a pore radius of between about 40 ? to about 75 ?.

Abstract: A porous inorganic substrate and method of fabricating such substrate for attaching an array of biological or chemical molecules to be used in a high-density microarray device. The substantially planar substrate comprises a porous inorganic layer adhered to a flat, rigid, non-porous, inorganic understructure having a coefficient of thermal expansion compatible with that of the porous inorganic layer. The porous inorganic layer is characterized as having dispersed throughout it a plurality of interconnecting voids as defined by a network of contiguous inorganic material, each of a predetermined mean size. The continuous inorganic material and contents of the voids exhibit a high contrast in their indices of refraction relative to each other. The substrate further comprises a uniform coating of a binding agent over at least a part of the surface area of the voids and the top surface of the porous inorganic layer.

Abstract: A porous inorganic substrate and method of fabricating such substrate for attaching an array of biological or chemical molecules to be used in a high-density microarray device. The substantially planar substrate comprises a porous inorganic layer adhered to a flat, rigid, non-porous, inorganic understructure having a coefficient of thermal expansion compatible with that of the porous inorganic layer. The porous inorganic layer is characterized as having dispersed throughout it a plurality of interconnecting voids as defined by a network of contiguous inorganic material, each of a predetermined mean size. The continuous inorganic material and contents of the voids exhibit a high contrast in their indices of refraction relative to each other. The substrate further comprises a uniform coating of a binding agent over at least a part of the surface area of the voids and the top surface of the porous inorganic layer.

Abstract: An electrolytic perovskite and method for synthesizing the electrolytic perovskite are described herein. Basically, the electrolytic perovskite is a solid that has an ion conductivity greater than 10−5 S/cm in a temperature range of 0-400° C., wherein the ion is Li+, H+, Cu+, Ag+, Na+ or Mg2+. For example, Li1/8Na3/8La1/4Zr1/4Nb3/4O3 (5.26×10−4 S/cm) and Li1/8K1/2La1/8NbO3 (2.86×10−3 S/cm) are two electrolytic perovskites that have been synthesized in accordance with the present invention that have a high Li+ conductivity at 20° C. Both compositions have been confirmed in experiments to conduct Ag+ and H+ ions, as well. The present invention also includes a solid proton conductor that can be formed from the electrolytic perovskite by replacing the ions located therein with protons.

Abstract: Image analysis techniques may be provided. Location of objects in an image may be determined based on intensity characteristics of pixels in the image. Objects that have been located may be mapped to a source for the objects based for example, on a grid structure that may have been used to place the objects. Differential analysis of objects of two source materials in images may be determined based on aligned versions of the images. Filtering may be used to weigh pixel characteristics. Such object analysis techniques may have been encoded into a set of machine-executable instructions and stored on a machine-readable storage medium for use by equipment that is to perform the techniques.

Abstract: Labels, methods of making labels and methods of using labels are disclosed. The labels can be manufactured using fiber drawing techniques or by shutter masking. The labels can be used for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample and for detecting interactions of biomolecules.

Abstract: A porous inorganic substrate and method of fabricating such substrate for attaching an array of biological or chemical molecules to be used in a high-density microarray device. The substantially planar substrate comprises a porous inorganic layer adhered to a flat, rigid, non-porous, inorganic understructure having a coefficient of thermal expansion compatible with that of the porous inorganic layer. The porous inorganic layer is characterized as having dispersed throughout it a plurality of interconnecting voids as defined by a network of contiguous inorganic material, each of a predetermined mean size. The continuous inorganic material and contents of the voids exhibit a high contrast in their indices of refraction relative to each other. The substrate further comprises a uniform coating of a binding agent over at least a part of the surface area of the voids and the top surface of the porous inorganic layer.

Abstract: A planar, rigid substrate made from a porous, inorganic material coated with cationic polymer molecules for attachment of an array of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, peptides, and proteins. The substrate has a top surface with about at least 200 to about 200,000 times greater surface area than that of a comparable, non-porous substrate. The cationic polymer molecules are anchored on the top surface and in the pores of the porous material. In high-density applications, an array of polynucleotides of a known, predetermined sequence is attached to this cationic polymer layer, such that each of the polynucleotide is attached to a different localized area on the top surface. The top surface has a surface area for attaching biomolecules of approximately 387,500 cm2/cm2 of area (˜7.5 million cm2/1×3 inch piece of substrate). Each pore of the plurality of pores in the top surface of the substrate has a pore radius of between about 40 Å to about 75 Å.

Abstract: A filter for trapping and combusting diesel exhaust particulates and method of making the same. The filter comprises a monolithic substrate coated with a refractory oxide material which at a frequency of 2.45 GHz heats up said filter from room temperature to about 600° C. in 5 minutes or less, and wherein said refractory oxide material has a loss tangent which decreases with increasing temperature such that an equilibrium in said filter temperature is reached at no greater than 1100° C.

Abstract: A filter for trapping and combusting diesel exhaust particulates comprising a microwave-absorbing filter body formed from a ceramic material having a general formula selected from the group consisting of A1−xMxB1−yM′yO3−&agr;, where A and M are selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Ag, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, La, Pr, Nd, Bi, Ce, Th and combinations thereof; where B and M′ are selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, Ru, Pt, Zn, Nb, Ta, Mo, W and combinations thereof; wherein, the chemical formula is electrostatically balanced; (A′aRrM″m)(Z)4(X)6O24, where A′ is from Group IA metals; where R is selected from Group IIA metals; where M″ is selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Y, lanthanides and combinations thereof; where Z is selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, Ti, Nb, Ta, Y, lanthanides, Sn, Fe, Co, Al, Mn, Zn, Ni, and combinations thereof; where X is selected from the group consisting of P, Si, As,

Abstract: An improved electrode design for solid state devices, fuel cells, sensors and the like is made by incorporation of a porous layer of the electrolyte material over the dense electrolyte, and by the introduction of an electrocatalyst into the porous layer such that it is also continuous. The resulting electrode structure of dense electrolyte/porous electrolyte, continuous electrocatalyst and gas phase are present creating an enhanced three phase (TPB) length over that of conventional designs. The design allows for improved performance at lower temperatures which means a lower cost of materials, fewer problems from oxidation and corrosion, and improved durability. In a preferred embodiment, the dense electrolyte and porous electrolyte is yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and the electrocatalyst is selected from silver; platinum; rhodium; palladium; iridium; ruthenium;(La.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x) MnO.sub.3, wherein x is 0 to 0.5;(La.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x) CoO.sub.3, wherein x is 0 to 0.6;(La.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x)(Co.sub.1-y Fe.

Abstract: Refractory materials are provided which contain P2O5/R2O3 constituents, where R is Y, Sc, Er, Lu, Yb, Tm, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, or a combination thereof, and/or V2O5/R?2O3 constituents where R? is Y, Sc, one or more rare earth elements, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the refractory materials are xenotime-type materials and/or xenotime-stabilized zircon-type materials. The refractory materials can be used in the manufacture of glass and glass-ceramics. For example, the refractory materials, especially those that contain P2O5/R2O3 constituents, can be used as forming structures (“isopipes”) in the fusion process for making flat sheets of glass such as the glass sheets used as substrates in the manufacture of flat panel displays.