Abstract: A supercharged internal combustion engine, characterized in that it is constituted by a cylinder (1) comprised by two identical portions, assembled together, symmetrical with respect to an axis perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, and traversed along this longitudinal axis by an engine shaft (3). Two reciprocating rotating pistons (4) are guided in the cylinder (1) and on the engine shaft (3), and driving the latter in rotation. Two explosion chambers (5) are located each at an end of the cylinder (1), on its periphery, in each of which moves a reciprocating piston (6), and into which empties a carburation injector. A turbocompressor (8) driven mechanically by the engine shaft, has air outlets (9) which are connected to the inlet tubing (10) of each portion of the cylinder (1), and two valve controlled escape orifices (11) are connected each to a tubular outlet (12).