Abstract: A display substrate including a base substrate and a plurality of pixel units on the base substrate. Each pixel unit includes: a plurality of sub-pixels and at least one scanning line. The plurality of sub-pixels are arranged sequentially in a first direction, each sub-pixels includes a sub-pixel driving circuit and a light-emitting element, and the sub-pixel driving circuit is coupled to the light-emitting element. Each scanning line includes a first scanning conductive layer and a second scanning conductive layer arranged in a laminated manner, the first scanning conductive layer is coupled to the second scanning conductive layer, the first scanning conductive layer includes at least a portion extending in the first direction, and the first scanning conductive layer is coupled to a plurality of sub-pixel driving circuits in the plurality of sub-pixels.

Abstract: An integrated antenna element includes a top PCB and a bottom PCB arranged in a laminate structure. Radiating surface units are arranged between the top PCB and the bottom PCB. A first balun and a second balun set separately set on the top and bottom PCBs respectively, each for different polarization. The integrated antenna element is capable of transmitting signals to a base station and receiving signals from a base station.

Abstract: An integrated antenna unit includes an integrated radiating element; a reflect board beneath the integrated radiating element without a direct contact therebetween; and an RF component device for processing signal of interest for a radio unit. The RF component device is placed beneath the integrated radiating element and on the reflecting board, and serves a support of a fixture structure of the radiating element to the reflecting board; whereby a space between the radiating element and the reflecting board can be efficiently used for the RF component device.

Abstract: An integrated antenna unit includes an integrated radiating element; a reflect board beneath the integrated radiating element without a direct contact therebetween; and an RF component device for processing signal of interest for a radio unit. The RF component device is placed beneath the integrated radiating element and on the reflecting board, and serves a support of a fixture structure of the radiating element to the reflecting board; whereby a space between the radiating element and the reflecting board can be efficiently used for the RF component device.

Abstract: An integrated antenna element includes a compact printed board and at least two dual-polarized radiating elements. The compact printed board includes a top PCB and a bottom PCB in a laminate structure. Each radiating element includes a radiating surface unit and a layered-balun. The radiating surface unit is placed between the top PCB and the bottom PCB. The layered-balun includes a first balun and a second balun set separately set on the different PCBs each for different polarization. An antenna unit and a multi-array antenna are accordingly obtained.

Abstract: A radiation system includes a low-frequency radiator having a bowl-shaped structure, a high-frequency radiator arranged inside the bowl-shaped structure of the low-frequency radiator, and a metamaterial reflector arranged below the high-frequency radiator. The metamaterial reflector includes a metasurface arranged below the high-frequency radiator and a solid metal plane arranged below the metasurface.

Abstract: A radiation system includes a low-frequency radiator having a bowl-shaped structure, a high-frequency radiator arranged inside the bowl-shaped structure of the low-frequency radiator, and a metamaterial reflector arranged below the high-frequency radiator. The metamaterial reflector includes a metasurface arranged below the high-frequency radiator and a solid metal plane arranged below the metasurface.