Abstract: The present invention relates to alkylglycoside-containing compositions and methods for increasing the stability, reducing the aggregation and immunogenicity, increasing the biological activity, and reducing or preventing fibrillar formation of a peptide, polypeptide, or variant thereof, for example insulin and Peptide T or analog thereof.

Abstract: Intranasal therapy using short peptides of the formula (I): Ra-Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-Rb  (I) where Ra represents an amino terminal residue Ala-, D-Ala or Cys-Ala- and Rb represents a carboxy terminal residue -Thr, -Thr-amide, -Thr-Cys or -Thr-Cys-amide, or a derivative thereof, or a peptide of formula (II): R1-R2-R3-R4-R5  (II) where R1 is an amino terminal residue XR6 or R6 wherein R6 is Thr-, Ser-, Asn-, Leu-, Ile-, Arg- or Glu- and X is Cys, R2 is Thr, Ser or Asp, R3 is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, Gln, Lys or Trp, R4 is Tyr and R5 is a carboxy terminal residue which is R7X or R7 wherein R7 may be any amino acid and X is Cys, or an ester or amide derivative thereof, or a physiologically acceptable salt of (I) or (II) is disclosed. Such peptides bind to T4 receptors and are useful for intranasal administration in preventing viral infectivity in mammals by viruses which bind to the T4 receptors. These peptides are believed to act as competitive blocking agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating neuroinflammatory degenerative diseases which are cytokine mediated. The method involves administration of an effective amount of Peptide T or a related Peptide to diminish, halt or reverse the patient's loss of function due to neuroinflammation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease by the intranasal administration of a therapeutically effective amount of specific short chain peptides, in particular peptide T, to patients. Intranasal administration of the defined short chain peptides promotes neuronal survival for reducing or halting the progressive neuronal degeneration which occurs in Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating diabetic and other non-HIV related neuropathic pain. The methods involve administration of an effective amount of defined linear peptides to patients. The peptides can be administered for example, as a powder or a solution obtained by dissolving a powder in a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent. Intranasal or sublingual administration of the defined peptides is the most preferred treatment.

Abstract: The treatment of human patients suffering from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) with therapeutic amounts of certain small peptides which specifically utilizes peptide T (Ala-Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-Thr), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), or a core pentapeptide selected from a peptide of the following formula:Thr-X-Y-Tyr-ThrwhereX and Y=any amino acid.gamma.=preferably AspThr.sub.1 may be repalced by D-AlaA preferred regimen for utilization of peptide T, a preferred peptide treating agent, is 1 mg twice daily for one week followed by 2 mg twice daily for three weeks, constituting an initial dosage regimen which may be repeated. This regimen has resulted in substantial increase in total white cell count assay, thus combatting the deleterious effect of the AIDS virus.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to Cholic, Chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acid derivatives of a peptide having the sequence: Pro-Arg-Thr-Asn-Thr-Gly-Ser-Gly-Thr-Pro-amide and use thereof in inducing analgesia.

Abstract: Short peptide of the formula:R.sup.a -Ser-Thr-Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-R.sup.b (I)where R.sup.a represents an amino terminal residue Ala- or D-Ala and R.sup.b represents a carboxy terminal residue -Thr or -Thr amide or a derivative thereof with an additional Cys- residue at one or both of the amino and carboxy terminals, or a peptide of formula (II):R.sup.1 -R.sup.2 -R.sup.3 -R.sup.4 -R.sup.5 (II)whereR.sup.1 is an amino terminal residue Thr-, Ser-, Asn-,Leu-,Ile-,Arg- or Glu-R.sup.2 is Thr, Ser or AspR.sup.3 is Thr, Ser, Asn, Arg, Gln, Lys or TrpR.sup.4 is Tyr andR.sup.5 is a carboxy terminal amino group or a derivative thereof with a corresponding D- amino acid as the amino terminal residue, and/or a corresponding amide derivative at the carboxy terminal residue and/or additionally a Cys- residue at one or both of the amino and carboxy terminals,or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.Such peptides bind to T4 receptors are useful in preventing viral infectivity by viruses which bind to the T4 receptors.

Abstract: Fluorinated derivatives 3,14-dihydroxy-4,5.alpha.-epoxy-6.beta.-fluoro-17-methylmorphinan ("fluorooxymorphone"; FOXY, compound 10) and 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5.alpha.-epoxy-6.beta.-fluoromorphin an (CYCLOFOXY, compound 18) are prepared based upon the structures of the potent opioid agonist oxymorphone 4 and the antagonist naltrexone 11, respectively. Fluorine was introduced in the final stages of synthesis by a facile nucleophilic displacement with fluoride ion of the 6.alpha.-triflate functions in 8 and 16. The synthetic procedures were suitable for the production of the corresponding positron emitting .sup.18 F-labeled analogs .sup.18 F-FOXY and .sup.18 F-CYCLOFOXY, which are useful for in vivo studies of the opioid receptor system using positron emission transaxial tomography. In addition, the tritiation of FOXY (10) to high specific activity is noted.

Abstract: Pentapeptides having the formulaH-L-Tyr-A-Gly-L-Phe-B-Rwherein A is a D-amino acid residue, Sar or L-Pro, B is L-Met of L-Leu, and R is NH.sub.2 or OH. These pentapeptides are synthetic analogues of the naturally-occurring Met-and Leu-enkephalins and possess opiate activity which is resistant to destruction by body enzymes.

Abstract: A method of recovering a hormone from human blood plasma which has morphine agonist properties which comprises heating said plasma, extracting into butanol to recover anodynin, and purifying said anodynin by centrifuging and ion exchange column separation. Anodynin has a molecular weight of about 600.