Abstract: Various embodiments of a sub-pixel repeating group are disclosed. In one embodiment, an octal subpixel repeating group may comprise three-color (red, green and blue) sub-pixels with blue colored subpixel comprising twice the number of positions within the octal sub-pixel grouping as the red and green colored sub-pixels. In another embodiment, a subpixel repeating group comprises two rows of eight “split” subpixels comprising three primary colors and a non-saturated neutral, or white, subpixel functioning as a primary color.

Abstract: Novel three-color and four-color subpixel arrangements and architectures for display and the like are herein disclosed. Novel techniques for subpixel rendering on the above subpixel arrangements are also herein disclosed.

Abstract: A method of determining implied sample areas for each data point of each color in a source pixel data specified in a first sub-pixel format is used for sub-pixel rendering an image on a display specified in a second sub-pixel format. Each of the first and second sub-pixel formats comprises a plurality of colored sub-pixels. The method comprises determining a geometric center of each colored sub-pixel of the first format to define a sampling point; and defining each implied sample area by forming lines that are substantially equidistant between the sampling point of one colored sub-pixel and the sampling point of another neighboring same color colored sub-pixel. A similar technique may be used for determining resample areas for computing color values for rendering an image specified in a first sub-pixel format on a display substantially comprising a plurality of colored sub-pixels arranged in a second sub-pixel format.

Abstract: An array and row and column line architecture for a display is disclosed. The array consists of a plurality of row and column positions and a plurality of three-color pixel elements. A three-color pixel element can comprise a blue emitter, a pair of red emitters, and a pair of green emitters. Several designs for the three-color pixel element are contemplated. The drive matrix consists of a plurality of row and column drivers to drive the individual emitters. The row drivers drive the red, green and blue emitters in each row. The red and green emitters in each column are driven by a single column driver. However, a single column driver can drive two column lines of blue emitters, a first column line and a second column line of the next nearest neighboring three-color pixel element. Methods of driving a three-color pixel element are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed to effect conversion of a three color primary image data set to a multiple color primary set in which one of the primaries is white. One method converts a three-color image data set comprising C1, C2, and C3 colors into a four-color image data set comprising C1, C2, C3 and W colors.

Abstract: Alternative thin film transistors for liquid crystal displays are disclosed. The alternative transistors can be used for panels of displays such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), especially those having alternative pixel arrangements. These transistors can be oriented on a panel of an LCD using different, non-traditional configurations, while addressing misalignment and parasitic capacitance.

Abstract: Display devices and systems are configured with display panels substantially comprising one of several embodiments of three primary color or multi-primary color subpixel repeating groups that are particularly suitable for directional display devices which produce at least two images simultaneously, such as autostereoscopic three-dimensional display devices or multi-view devices. Input image data indicating an image is rendered to a device configured with one of the illustrated subpixel repeating groups using a subpixel rendering operation.

Abstract: A display system includes a subpixelated display panel having subpixels in two saturated primary colors. In one embodiment, the primary colors are selected so as to be a substantially metameric pair for an achromatic color such as white. Information display efficiencies arise from utilizing a checkerboard arrangement for the two primary colored subpixels and from using subpixel rendering algorithms to render an image on the display. The bichromatic display may display a black and white image combined with a monochromatic image, or may provide the capability to overlay a first image from a first image source carried on a chromatic channel onto a second image from a second image source carried on a luminance channel, where the first image source detects light wavelengths that the Human Vision System is not sensitive to, such as infrared light. This latter embodiment of the bichromatic display system is suitable for night vision devices.

Abstract: Novel three-color and four-color subpixel arrangements and architectures for display and the like are herein disclosed. Novel techniques for subpixel rendering on the above subpixel arrangements are also herein disclosed.

Abstract: A method of determining implied sample areas for each data point of each color in a source pixel data specified in a first sub-pixel format is used for sub-pixel rendering an image on a display specified in a second sub-pixel format. Each of the first and second sub-pixel formats comprises a plurality of colored sub-pixels. The method comprises determining a geometric center of each colored sub-pixel of the first format to define a sampling point; and defining each implied sample area by forming lines that are substantially equidistant between the sampling point of one colored sub-pixel and the sampling point of another neighboring same color colored sub-pixel. A similar technique may be used for determining resample areas for computing color values for rendering an image specified in a first sub-pixel format on a display substantially comprising a plurality of colored sub-pixels arranged in a second sub-pixel format.

Abstract: A method of producing a plurality of filter kernels comprised of filter coefficients for use in a sub-pixel rendering operation comprises calculating a plurality of filter coefficients for each filter kernel by dividing a spatial area of an input image that is overlapped by a portion of a spatial rendering area by a total area of the spatial rendering area using floating point arithmetic. The method further comprises multiplying each filter coefficient by a divisor to produce a filter product such that a sum of all filter products produces a filter sum that equals the divisor. Then a binary search operation is performed to find a round off point for the filter sum such that when each filter coefficient is converted to an integer, a sum of the filter coefficients equals the divisor. The filter coefficients are then converted to integers using the round off point.

Abstract: Input image data indicating an image is rendered to a display panel in a display device or system that is substantially configured with a three primary color or multi-primary color subpixel repeating group using a subpixel rendering operation based on area resampling techniques. Examples of expanded area resample functions have properties that maintain color balance in the output image and, in some embodiments, are evaluated using an increased number of input image sample points farther away in distance from the subpixel being reconstructed than in prior disclosed techniques. One embodiment of an expanded area resample function is a cosine function for which is provided an example of an approximate numerical evaluation method. The functions and their evaluation techniques may also be utilized in constructing novel sharpening filters, including a Difference-of-Cosine filter.

Abstract: Sub-pixel rendering with gamma adjustment allows the luminance of the sub-pixel arrangement to match the non-linear gamma response of the human eye's luminance channel. For each of a subset of input sampled data indicating a region of an input image, a gamma-adjusted data value is generated for each input image data value in the subset using a local average of at least two input image data values. A sub-pixel rendering operation uses the subset of gamma-adjusted data values and the subset of input image data values to produce an output data value for each sub-pixel element on the display panel. A plurality of output data values collectively indicates an output image. The gamma adjustment allows the sub-pixel rendering to operate independently of the actual gamma of a display device. The sub-pixel rendering techniques with gamma adjustment may improve image contrast in high spatial frequency portions of an image.

Abstract: Systems and methods are herein given to effect a multiple mode display system that may accept multiple input image data formats and output several possible image data format. In a first embodiment, an image processing system comprises: an input that receives a plurality of source image data, said plurality of source image data further comprising a plurality of source image data formats; circuitry that resamples source image data from said source image data format to a plurality of target image data formats; and a display that renders target image data wherein the resolution of the display comprises approximately one half resolution of the largest of said plurality of target image data formats.

Abstract: A three-color pixel element for a display comprises a blue emitter disposed at the origin of a rectangular coordinate system having four quadrants, a pair of red emitters and a pair of green emitters spaced apart from the blue emitter and symmetrically disposed about the origin of the rectangular coordinate system in a first and a second pair of opposing quadrants.

Abstract: Sub-pixel rendering with gamma adjustment allows the luminance of the sub-pixel arrangement to match the non-linear gamma response of the human eye's luminance channel. For each of a subset of input sampled data indicating a region of an input image, a gamma-adjusted data value is generated for each input image data value in the subset using a local average of at least two input image data values. A sub-pixel rendering operation uses the subset of gamma-adjusted data values and the subset of input image data values to produce an output data value for each sub-pixel element on the display panel. A plurality of output data values collectively indicates an output image. The gamma adjustment allows the sub-pixel rendering to operate independently of the actual gamma of a display device. The sub-pixel rendering techniques with gamma adjustment may improve image contrast in high spatial frequency portions of an image.

Abstract: Displays systems and methods for adjusting backlight illumination are disclosed wherein backlight illumination may be set low enough according to an error threshold amount in order to reduce backlight power consumption while maintaining a level of image quality. In one embodiment, image data is evaluated within a given frame and partitioned into histogram bins depending on the amount of backlight illumination requested or required by the image data. The histogram is traversed to provide an accumulative error measure. The error measure is compared against the error threshold and, if exceeded, the final backlight illumination may be set as a function of various illumination levels considered and possibly the first and a second threshold.

Abstract: Displays systems and methods for dithering input image data to reduce quantization errors in a display system are disclosed. One embodiment comprises inputting input image data to be rendered by said display system; applying a gamma table to said input image data to create a first intermediate image data; applying a dithering pattern, said dithering pattern comprising a checkerboard pattern, said checkerboard pattern depending upon the subpixel layout of the display. In other embodiments, the display system comprises a separate gamma table for each input color channel and applies these separate gamma table to perform white point adjustments for said display system.

Abstract: The present application discloses methods and system for converting input image data in a first color space into image data in a second color space format. Several embodiments disclose improved techniques for performing these conversions using inexpensive hardware and software implementations.

Abstract: The embodiments disclosed herein comprise a plurality of modules and means to provide effect dynamic gamut mapping and backlight control.