Abstract: The present invention relates to a bioelectrode for increasing abundance of cable bacteria, including an anode, a cathode, and a partition. The anode is horizontally disposed, and the cathode is disposed perpendicular to the anode. The anode and the cathode are separated by using the partition. An objective of the present invention is to provide a method for keeping a high abundance of the cable bacteria in sediments when oxygen content of overlying water is low and even in an anaerobic environment. The method can be further performed in a self-starting manner, and has a potential application prospect in ecological remediation of sediments.