Abstract: A coinage cladding alloy for coinage includes nickel present in an amount from 5 wt. % to 7 wt. %, based on a total weight of the coinage cladding alloy; zinc present in an amount from 21 wt. % to 29 wt. %, based on the total weight of the coinage cladding alloy; manganese present in an amount from 12 wt. % to 16 wt. %, based on a total weight of the coinage cladding alloy; copper; an electrical conductivity from 2% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) to 3% IACS; and a color comprising a yellowness vector b* that is from 2 to 10, based on a CIE L*a*b* color space and determined in accordance with ASTM Standard E308-15 (2015).

Abstract: A coinage alloy for coinage includes nickel present in an amount from 4 wt. % to 11 wt. %, based on a total weight of the coinage alloy; zinc present in an amount from 20 wt. % to 35 wt. %, based on the total weight of the coinage alloy; manganese present in an amount from 3 wt. % to 6 wt. %, based on a total weight of the coinage alloy; copper; an electrical conductivity from 5% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) to 6% IACS measured in accordance with ASTM E1004-09 (2009); and a color comprising a yellowness vector b* that is from 6 to 11, based on a CIE L*a*b* color space and determined in accordance with ASTM Standard E308-15 (2015).

Abstract: A coinage alloy for coinage includes nickel present in an amount from 13 wt. % to 16 wt. %, based on a total weight of the coinage alloy; zinc present in an amount from 25 wt. % to 32 wt. %, based on the total weight of the coinage alloy; manganese present in an amount from 1 wt. % to 4 wt. %, based on a total weight of the coinage alloy; copper; an electrical conductivity from 5% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) to 6% IACS; and a color comprising a yellowness vector b* that is from 5 to 10, based on a CIE L*a*b* color space and determined in accordance with ASTM Standard E308-15 (2015).

Abstract: A primary alloy includes: nickel; copper; zinc; an electrical conductivity from 5.2% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) to 5.6% IACS measured in accordance with ASTM E1004-09 (2009); and a disordered crystalline phase wherein atoms of the nickel, cooper, and zinc are randomly arranged in the disordered crystalline phase at room temperature in a post-annealed state. A process for making the primary alloy includes heating a secondary alloy to a first temperature that is greater than or equal to an annealing temperature to form an annealing alloy, the secondary alloy including a secondary phase; and quenching, by cooling the annealing alloy from the first temperature to a second temperature that is less than the annealing temperature, under a condition effective to form the primary alloy including the disordered crystalline phase, wherein the disordered crystalline phase is different than the secondary phase of the secondary alloy.

Abstract: A coinage alloy for coinage includes nickel present in an amount from 4 wt. % to 11 wt. %, based on a total weight of the coinage alloy; zinc present in an amount from 20 wt. % to 35 wt. %, based on the total weight of the coinage alloy; manganese present in an amount from 3 wt. % to 6 wt. %, based on a total weight of the coinage alloy; copper; an electrical conductivity from 5% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) to 6% IACS measured in accordance with ASTM E1004-09 (2009); and a color comprising a yellowness vector b* that is from 6 to 11, based on a CIE L*a*b* color space and determined in accordance with ASTM Standard E308-15 (2015).

Abstract: A coinage cladding alloy for coinage includes nickel present in an amount from 5 wt. % to 7 wt. %, based on a total weight of the coinage cladding alloy; zinc present in an amount from 21 wt. % to 29 wt. %, based on the total weight of the coinage cladding alloy; manganese present in an amount from 12 wt. % to 16 wt. %, based on a total weight of the coinage cladding alloy; copper; an electrical conductivity from 2% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) to 3% IACS; and a color comprising a yellowness vector b* that is from 2 to 10, based on a CIE L*a*b* color space and determined in accordance with ASTM Standard E308-15 (2015).

Abstract: A coinage alloy for coinage includes nickel present in an amount from 13 wt. % to 16 wt. %, based on a total weight of the coinage alloy; zinc present in an amount from 25 wt. % to 32 wt. %, based on the total weight of the coinage alloy; manganese present in an amount from 1 wt. % to 4 wt. %, based on a total weight of the coinage alloy; copper; an electrical conductivity from 5% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) to 6% IACS; and a color comprising a yellowness vector b* that is from 5 to 10, based on a CIE L*a*b* color space and determined in accordance with ASTM Standard E308-15 (2015).

Abstract: A primary alloy includes: nickel; copper; zinc; an electrical conductivity from 5.2% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) to 5.6% IACS measured in accordance with ASTM E1004-09 (2009); and a disordered crystalline phase wherein atoms of the nickel, cooper, and zinc are randomly arranged in the disordered crystalline phase at room temperature in a post-annealed state. A process for making the primary alloy includes heating a secondary alloy to a first temperature that is greater than or equal to an annealing temperature to form an annealing alloy, the secondary alloy including a secondary phase; and quenching, by cooling the annealing alloy from the first temperature to a second temperature that is less than the annealing temperature, under a condition effective to form the primary alloy including the disordered crystalline phase, wherein the disordered crystalline phase is different than the secondary phase of the secondary alloy.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprising 0.05 to 0.24 weight percent carbon; 15 to 28 weight percent cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 weight percent in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprising 0.05 to 0.24 weight percent carbon; 15 to 28 weight percent cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 weight percent in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprising 0.05 to 0.24 weight percent carbon; 15 to 28 weight percent cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 weight percent in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprising 0.05 to 0.24 weight percent carbon; 15 to 28 weight percent cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 weight percent in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprise 0.05 to 0.24 wt % carbon; 15 to 28 wt % cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 wt % in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron. Carburized roll form and punch dies and tools made from case hardened steel alloys with a reduced hardness core provide high wear and fatigue resistance as well as improved contact and bending fatigue resistance thereby avoiding premature failure and extending the useful life of such tools.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprising 0.05 to 0.24 weight percent carbon; 15 to 28 weight percent cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 weight percent in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron.

Abstract: Steel alloys susceptible to case and core hardening comprising 0.05 to 0.24 weight percent carbon; 15 to 28 weight percent cobalt and 1.5 to 9.5 weight percent in nickel, small percentages of one or more additives: chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; and the balance iron.