Abstract: An apparatus and method of determining the gas generation potential of a liquid capable of producing gases. The apparatus may be characterized as a cylinder having first and second openings, capable of holding a volume of liquid capable of generating gas; plugging means attached to the second opening of the cylinder for sealing the second opening; a multi-port connector having at least first, second, third and fourth ports, wherein the first port is attached to the first opening of the cylinder; pressure reading means attached to the second port of the connector; valve means attached to the third port of the connector, the valve means suitable for opening and closing to allow liquid and gases to enter and exit the cylinder; and pressure relief means attached to the fourth port of the connector, wherein the fourth port is closed during the measuring operation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of determining the gas generation potential of a liquid capable of producing gases. The apparatus may be characterized as a cylinder having first and second openings, capable of holding a volume of liquid capable of generating gas; plugging means attached to the second opening of the cylinder for sealing the second opening; a multi-port connector having at least first, second, third and fourth ports, wherein the first port is attached to the first opening of the cylinder; pressure reading means attached to the second port of the connector; valve means attached to the third port of the connector, the valve means suitable for opening and closing to allow liquid and gases to enter and exit the cylinder; and pressure relief means attached to the fourth port of the connector, wherein the fourth port is closed during the measuring operation.

Abstract: A process for the whole broth extraction of avermectins wherein the pH of the whole broth is adjusted with mineral acid and then contacted with a solvent extractant so that the avermectic active component is taken up by the solvent. The now avermectin rich extractant is then processed through a solvent concentration step and the avermectin isolated by conventional crystallization. The extractant is then recycled with appropriate make-up to extract a subsequent batch of whole broth.

Abstract: Improved method of preparing 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)salicylic acid and derivatives which favors formation of the desired end product over other undesired isomers, comprising the steps of(a) diazotizing an aniline compound,(b) treating the diazonium salt with a salicylic acid ester compound blocked in the 3-position with an easily removed blocking group, preferably cloro,(c) removing the blocking group, and(d) hydrolyzing the ester to form the acid final product.