Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of treating water to remove contaminants, including harmful metal ions, and water treatment plants for practicing such methods. In an embodiment, the process includes adding a sulfur-containing, metal-decreasing agent; an iron (III)-containing, metalloid-decreasing agent; forming a solid precipitate from the contaminated water, wherein the solid precipitate includes a solid metal sulfide, a solid iron metalloid, a solid calcium metalloid, or a combination thereof; and separating the contaminated water from the solid precipitate to form purified water.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of treating water to remove contaminants, including harmful metal ions, and water treatment plants for practicing such methods. In an embodiment, the process includes adding a sulfur-containing, metal-decreasing agent; an iron (III)-containing, metalloid-decreasing agent; forming a solid precipitate from the contaminated water, wherein the solid precipitate includes a solid metal sulfide, a solid iron metalloid, a solid calcium metalloid, or a combination thereof; and separating the contaminated water from the solid precipitate to form purified water.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of treating water to remove contaminants, including harmful metal ions, and water treatment plants for practicing such methods. In an embodiment, the process includes adding a sulfur-containing, metal-decreasing agent; an iron (III)-containing, metalloid-decreasing agent; forming a solid precipitate from the contaminated water, wherein the solid precipitate includes a solid metal sulfide, a solid iron metalloid, a solid calcium metalloid, or a combination thereof; and separating the contaminated water from the solid precipitate to form purified water.

Abstract: A carbon based material produced from the consolidation of amorphous carbon by elevated temperature compression. The material having unique chemical and physical characteristics that lend themselves to a broad range of applications such as in electrical, electrochemical and structural fields.

Abstract: A carbon based material produced from the consolidation of amorphous carbon by elevated temperature compression. The material having unique chemical and physical characteristics that lend themselves to a broad range of applications such as in electrical, electrochemical and structural fields.

Abstract: A carbon based material produced from the consolidation of amorphous carbon by elevated temperature compression. The material having unique chemical and physical characteristics that lend themselves to a broad range of applications such as in electrical, electrochemical and structural fields.

Abstract: A carbon based material produced from the consolidation of amorphous carbon by elevated temperature compression. The material having unique chemical and physical characteristics that lend themselves to a broad range of applications such as in electrical, electrochemical and structural fields.

Abstract: A carbon based material produced from the consolidation of amorphous carbon by elevated temperature compression. The material having unique chemical and physical characteristics that lend themselves to a broad range of applications such as in electrical, electrochemical and structural fields.

Abstract: A carbon based material produced from the consolidation of amorphous carbon by elevated temperature compression. The material having unique chemical and physical characteristics that lend themselves to a broad range of applications such as in electrical, electrochemical and structural fields.

Abstract: A carbon based material produced from the consolidation of amorphous carbon by elevated temperature compression. The material having unique chemical and physical characteristics that lend themselves to a broad range of applications such as in electrical, electrochemical and structural fields.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the generation and use of ferric ions produced by acidophilic, chemoautotrophic bacteria.

Abstract: A process for generating a ferric ion solution. The process includes the steps of establishing in a vessel a population of acidophilic, chemoautotrophic bacteria which oxidize ferrous ions into ferric ions; supplying the bacteria with a feed solution of ferrous ions; maintaining the pH of the contents of the vessel below 3.0; and withdrawing the generated ferric ion solution from the vessel. The generated ferric ion solution can be used to oxidize metal or ore and to solubilize metal from ore, alloys or scrap. The ferrous ions produced during the oxidation or solubilization are recirculated into the feed solution to continue the process of generating ferric ions.