Abstract: Apparatus and method for decreasing chemical requirements for chemicals injected into a stream a low concentrations, such as for dehydration of crude oil, are provided. An algorithm is used to provide a signal to decrease chemical injection rate of a variable rate pump if the water content of the treated oil has not exceeded a preset value in a preset time and to increase chemical injection rate if the water content of the treated oil is exceeded within a preset time. The algorithm allows the control system to learn from previous experience.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided to sense and measure solar-induced luminescence, as well as reflectance, within the field of view of a target window for receiving a composite ray of light from the target. A first filter within the path of the composite ray of light transmits a first narrowband component thereof, including a predetermined Fraunhofer Line frequency, to a first sensor. A second narrowband component thereof, proximate the Fraunhofer Line frequency, is directed to a second sensor such that ratios of the electromagnetic energy impinging, respectively, on the first and second sensors may be determined. A removable filter tray carrying the narrowband filters and fine tuning means is employed to facilitate the selection of the predetermined Fraunhofer Line frequency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiometer for simultaneously detecting luminescence and reflectance about a particular Fraunhofer line from a material (i.e. target) which includes an interchangeable optical filter assembly of lightweight construction for each Fraunhofer line of interest which substantially alleviates the adverse polarization effects normally experienced in radiometers of this type and which further provides an improved balance between the two light beams being sensed by the radiometer. The optical filter assembly includes a single beamsplitter which reflects the majority of the light from the target with little adverse polarization effects to a narrow band filter which passes only the light existing at the particular Fraunhofer line (i.e. "c" component of luminescence).