Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (“glyphosate”) from N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (“PMIDA”), and more particularly to methods for control of the conversion of PMIDA, for the identification of reaction end points relating to PMIDA conversion and the preparation of glyphosate products having controlled PMIDA content.

Abstract: Cathodes useful in an electrolytic cell, such as a chlor-alkali cell, are disclosed which have a metallic-surfaced substrate coated with a catalytic coating composition. In one aspect, the catalytic coating includes a base layer of at least one primary electrocatalytic metal with particles of at least one electrocatalytic metal oxide entrapped therein. In another aspect, at least one upper oxide layer is formed on the base layer. Each upper oxide layer includes a substantially heterogeneous mixture of at least one primary electrocatalytic metal oxide and at least one secondary electrocatalytic metal oxide. The catalytic coatings are tightly adherent to the underlying substrate, resist loss during cell operation and exhibit low hydrogen overvoltage potentials. Disclosed are methods for preparing the above-described cathodes.

Abstract: Cathodes useful in electrolytic cells, such as a chlor-alkali cell, are disclosed which have a metallic-surfaced substrate coated with an electrocatalytic coating. The electrocatalytic coating includes palladium and at least one primary electrocatalytic metal, such as a platinum group metal. The coating optionally includes at least one secondary electrocatalytic metal, such as nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, manganese, molybdenum, cadmium, chromium, tin and silicon. Also disclosed is non-electrolytic reduction method for preparing the cathodes. The method provides a tightly adherent coating, improves electrocatalyst loading and reduces cathode production costs.

Abstract: Cathodes useful in electrolytic cells, such as a chlor-alkali cell, are disclosed which have a metallic-surfaced substrate coated with an electrocatalytic coating. The electrocatalytic coating includes palladium and at least one primary electrocatlaytic metal, such as a platinum group metal. The coating optionally includes at least one secondary electrocatalytic metal, such as nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, manganese, molybdenum, cadmium, chromium, tin and silicon. Also disclosed is a non-electrolytic reduction method for preparing the cathodes. The method provides a tightly adherent coating, improves electrocatalyst loading and reduces cathode production costs.

Abstract: Cathodes useful in an electrolytic cell, such as a chlor-alkali cell, are disclosed which have a metallic-surfaced substrate coated with a catalytic coating composition. In one aspect, the catalytic coating includes a base layer of at least one primary electrocatalytic metal with particles of at least one electrocatalytic metal oxide entrapped therein. In another aspect, at least one upper oxide layer is formed on the base layer. Each upper oxide layer includes a substantially heterogeneous mixture of at least one primary electrocatalytic metal oxide and at least one secondary electrocatalytic metal oxide. The catalytic coatings are tightly adherent to the underlying substrate, resist loss during cell operation and exhibit low hydrogen overvoltage potentials. Also disclosed are methods for preparing the cathodes.

Abstract: The invention is a method of making an electrode which comprises applying to an electroconductive nickel-containing substrate a coating solution of metal oxide precursor compound(s) and an etchant capable of etching the surface of the substrate and/or any previously applied coating, heating to remove volatiles from the so-coated substrate to cause the metal values of the precursor compounds and those etched from the substrate or previous coating to be concentrated and recoated on the substrate or previously applied coating, and further heating, in the presence of oxygen, air or an oxidizing agent, to a temperature sufficient to oxidize the metal values.

Abstract: The invention is a method for preparing electrocatalytic oxides and applying them to substrates that cannot be heated to temperatures sufficiently high to convert electrocatalytic salts into electrocatalytic oxide comprising:(a) dissolving Ru salt(s) and Ni salt(s) in a solvent to form an electrocatalytic salt solution;(b) evaporating the solvent from the electrocatalytic salt solution, leaving a electrocatalytic salt residue;(c) heating the electrocatalytic salt residue in the presence of oxygen to a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert substantially all of the electrocatalytic salt into a electrocatalytic oxide; and(d) bonding the so-formed electrocatalytic oxide to a substrate that would be detrimentally affected if it were to be heated to 480.degree.-500.degree. C.

Abstract: A substrate is coated with a solution of metal oxide precursor compounds and an etchant for etching the substrate, the metal oxide precursor compounds are thermally concentrated by removing volatiles therefrom, and the so-concentrated metal oxides precursors are thermally oxidized in-situ on the substrate. The so-formed compositions are useful, e.g., as electrode material in electrochemical apparatuses and processes.

Abstract: A substrate is coated with a solution of metal oxide precursor compounds and an etchant for etching the substrate, the metal oxide precursor compounds are thermally concentrated by removing volatiles therefrom, and the so-concentrated metal oxides precursors are thermally oxidized in-situ on the substrate. The so-formed compositions are useful, e.g., as electrode material in electrochemical apparatuses and processes.

Abstract: A substrate is coated with a solution of metal oxide precursor compounds and an etchant for etching the substrate, the metal oxide precursor compounds are thermally concentrated by removing volatiles therefrom, and the so-concentrated metal oxides precursors are thermally oxidized in-situ on the substrate. The so-formed compositions are useful, e.g., as electrode material in electrochemical apparatuses and processes.