Abstract: In various embodiments alpha helical peptide-based bridges for molecular biosensing “on-chip” are disclosed. The Peptide-based bridges serve as common bridges for great diversity of biosensing applications and targets including nucleic acids, proteins, antigens, antibodies, small molecules. The primary sensor element is preferably a “molecular wire” such as an alpha-helical peptide integrated into a current monitoring circuit. The engineered peptide may contain a central conjugation site for attachment of various probe molecules including nucleic acids, proteins, antigens, antibodies. The probe-containing bridge empowers the sensor to detect interactions with specific target molecules.

Abstract: In various embodiments a molecular circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, and an enzyme molecule conductively attached to both the positive and negative electrodes to form a circuit having a conduction pathway through the enzyme. In various examples, the enzyme is a polymerase. The circuit may further comprise molecular arms used to wire the enzyme to the electrodes. In various embodiments, the circuit functions as a sensor, wherein electrical signals, such as changes to voltage, current, impedance, conductance, or resistance in the circuit, are measured as substrates interact with the enzyme.

Abstract: A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

Abstract: Biomolecular sensors and methods of manufacturing these sensors are provided. An exemplary sensor has a source electrode, a drain electrode spaced apart from the source electrode by a sensor gap, a gate electrode, wherein the source, drain and gate electrodes cooperate to form an electrode circuit, a bridge bridging across said sensor gap coupling the source and drain electrodes, and a probe coupled to the bridge, wherein the probe comprises nucleic acid and interaction of the nucleic acid probe with a target nucleic acid is detectable by monitoring at least one parameter of the electrode circuit. Methods of detecting a target nucleic acid are also provided. Preferred target nucleic acids that are detected are from pathogens, such as coronavirus.

Abstract: A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

Abstract: A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

Abstract: Described herein is a portable virometer for detecting viral targets. An exemplary virometer has a molecular electronics sensor with a first electrode, a second electrode spaced-apart from the first electrode by a nanogap, a bridge molecule having a first end and a second end, the first end coupled to the first electrode and the second end coupled to the second electrode, a hybridization probe having an oligonucleotide sequence from or related to a viral target is conjugated to the bridge molecule, a sample applicator for acquiring a sample and transferring it to the chip, and data processing software and hardware for providing a report of detection of viral targets. Methods of using the virometer for testing in the home, in schools, in workplaces, in hotels, in restaurants, or in public places are also described.

Abstract: A molecular electronics sensor capable of performing genetic analysis is described. In various embodiments, the sensor comprises spaced-apart electrodes, a bridge molecule coupled to the electrodes, and an oligonucleotide hybridization probe conjugated to the bridge molecule. The hybridization probe may comprise an oligonucleotide sequence complementary to a segment of a pathogen genome to be detected. In various aspects, a plurality of such sensors are disposed as an array of pixels on a CMOS chip. Sensors herein can be configured to detect a segment of SARS-CoV-2 genome in a bio-sample.

Abstract: A molecular electronics sensor capable of performing genetic analysis is described. In various embodiments, the sensor comprises spaced-apart electrodes, a bridge molecule coupled to the electrodes, and an oligonucleotide hybridization probe conjugated to the bridge molecule. The hybridization probe may comprise an oligonucleotide sequence complementary to a segment of a pathogen genome to be detected. In various aspects, a plurality of such sensors are disposed as an array of pixels on a CMOS chip. Sensors herein can be configured to detect a segment of SARS-CoV-2 genome in a bio-sample.

Abstract: A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

Abstract: A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

Abstract: This disclosure provides chips, systems and methods for sequencing a nucleic acid sample. Tagged nucleotides are provided into a reaction chamber comprising a nanopore in a membrane. An individual tagged nucleotide of the tagged nucleotides can contain a tag coupled to a nucleotide, which tag is detectable with the aid of the nanopore. Next, an individual tagged nucleotide of the tagged nucleotides can be incorporated into a growing strand complementary to a single stranded nucleic acid molecule derived from the nucleic acid sample. With the aid of the nanopore, a tag associated with the individual tagged nucleotide can be detected upon incorporation of the individual tagged nucleotide. The tag can be detected with the aid of the nanopore when the tag is released from the nucleotide.

Abstract: A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

Abstract: A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of monomer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

Abstract: A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods based on a fast, efficient chemical reaction for conjugating a pore-forming protein, such as ?-hemolysin, to a biomolecule, such as antibodies, receptors, and enzymes, such as DNA polymerase, and the use of such pore-forming conjugates in nanopore devices and methods.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods based on a fast, efficient chemical reaction for conjugating a pore-forming protein, such as ?-hemolysin, to a biomolecule, such as antibodies, receptors, and enzymes, such as DNA polymerase, and the use of such pore-forming protein conjugates in nanopore devices and methods.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods based on a fast, efficient chemical reaction for conjugating a pore-forming protein, such as ?-hemolysin, to a biomolecule, such as antibodies, receptors, and enzymes, such as DNA polymerase, and the use of such pore-forming protein conjugates in nanopore devices and methods.

Abstract: A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

Abstract: A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.