Abstract: A method for operating a motor vehicle, for which it is monitored whether a communication failure is present between a transmission control instrument of an automatic transmission of the motor vehicle, a selector lever control instrument of the automatic transmission, and/or a parking brake control instrument of an electronic parking brake of the motor vehicle, and/or whether, on account of a malfunction of the automatic transmission itself and/or on account of a malfunction of a selector lever itself for selection of drive stages of the automatic transmission, a parking position of the automatic transmission cannot be engaged.

Abstract: A method for determining a position of a movable element of a linear actuator of a motor vehicle includes supplying a current to a coil of the linear actuator so as to move and/or hold the movable element by a magnetic field of the coil generated by the supplied current; modulating the current supplied to the coil with an electrical alternating variable having a predetermined frequency; determining an impedance or an admittance of the coil at the predetermined frequency by measuring a further variable at the predetermined frequency; and determining the position of the movable element as a function of the determined impedance or admittance.

Abstract: A method for operating a motor vehicle, for which it is monitored whether a communication failure is present between a transmission control instrument of an automatic transmission of the motor vehicle, a selector lever control instrument of the automatic transmission, and/or a parking brake control instrument of an electronic parking brake of the motor vehicle, and/or whether, on account of a malfunction of the automatic transmission itself and/or on account of a malfunction of a selector lever itself for selection of drive stages of the automatic transmission, a parking position of the automatic transmission cannot be engaged.

Abstract: A method for determining a position of a movable element of a linear actuator of a motor vehicle includes supplying a current to a coil of the linear actuator so as to move and/or hold the movable element by a magnetic field of the coil generated by the supplied current; modulating the current supplied to the coil with an electrical alternating variable having a predetermined frequency; determining an impedance or an admittance of the coil at the predetermined frequency by measuring a further variable at the predetermined frequency; and determining the position of the movable element as a function of the determined impedance or admittance.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a sample stage, a cantilever mount, a cantilever-force detector, a cantilever feedback system, and a sample stage feedback system. The sample stage is configured for holding a sample. The cantilever mount is configured for mechanically fixing a mechanical cantilever having a scanning tip. The cantilever-force detector is configured to produce an electrical cantilever-force error signal. The cantilever feedback system is configured to electromechanically drive the mechanical cantilever in a manner responsive to the cantilever-force error signal. The sample stage feedback system is configured to electromechanically displace the sample stage in a manner responsive to the cantilever-force error signal. The cantilever feedback system and the sample stage feedback system are connected to receive the cantilever-force error signal in parallel.