Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating materials or material mixtures in a treatment apparatus operating on the principle of the double-action impact mill, which includes a discharge conveyor (34), such as a discharge screw. A material layer (40) is maintained between the discharge opening and the discharge conveyor, using the material exiting the outermost ring (16?) of the treatment apparatus through the discharge opening (30), which layer prevents free discharge of the material to be treated from the treatment apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating materials or material mixtures in a treatment apparatus operating on the principle of the double-action impact mill, which includes a discharge conveyor (34), such as a discharge screw. A material layer (40) is maintained between the discharge opening and the discharge conveyor, using the material exiting the outermost ring (16?) of the treatment apparatus through the discharge opening (30), which layer prevents free discharge of the material to be treated from the treatment apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for biological and/or chemical decomposition of waste containing organic matter. The method includes waste pretreatment in which waste is fragmented and homogenised in a pretreatment apparatus (10a, 10b) operating on the principle of a multi-ring double action impact mill. The apparatus has either two rotors (62, 64) or a rotor and stator disposed inside a housing (26), which rotors and/or stator are equipped with blades having impact surfaces, and which form one or more rings (1,2,3, . . . ) coaxial with the rotor. The waste is fed into the housing through the hub of rings formed by the blades, and travels by the effect of a rotor or rotors, to the outer ring of the ring (7) formed by the outermost blades, and further to the discharge opening (25, 27?) at the outer ring.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for biological and/or chemical decomposition of waste containing organic matter. The method includes waste pretreatment in which waste is fragmented and homogenised in a pretreatment apparatus (10a, 10b) operating on the principle of a multi-ring double action impact mill. The apparatus has either two rotors (62, 64) or a rotor and stator disposed inside a housing (26), which rotors and/or stator are equipped with blades having impact surfaces, and which form one or more rings (1,2,3, . . . ) coaxial with the rotor. The waste is fed into the housing through the hub of rings formed by the blades, and travels by the effect of a rotor or rotors, to the outer ring of the ring (7) formed by the outermost blades, and further to the discharge opening (25, 27?) at the outer ring.

Abstract: A method of separating colouring agents, particularly printing ink, from recycled fibre material, in which method the recycled fibre material is defibered using a liquid, so that colouring agent is separated from the recycled fibre during the defibration. In the method, the pre-kneaded recycled fibre is applied to a double-action impact mill, where it is subjected to successive impacts, so that the treatment time is at most some seconds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of effecting a physico-chemical reaction, in which method a crystalline or amorphous substance is crushed or ground. In the method according to the invention, as soon as a new fractured surface is formed, it is brought into immediate contact with an environment V1 the physico-chemical property of which is so selected that a firm bond or compound is formed between the fractured surface and the molecules of the environment, at least one molecule of said bond or compound being adapted to its purpose for the further treatment of the crushed or ground material in another environment V2, whereby the physico-chemical property of the environment V1 is further so selected that components disadvantageous in view of the further treatment of the crushed or ground material are prevented from getting to the fractured surface.