Abstract: Methods, kits, and systems for determining water content of a sample are described herein. In some embodiments, methods of the present disclosure are directed to measuring water concentration in oil samples.

Abstract: This invention relates to a detection system for particles suspended in a gas. The detection system includes an electrostatic precipitator constructed to collect the particles from the gas onto a collection surface using the force of an induced electrostatic charge on the particles. The detection system also includes an optical probe coupled with the electrostatic precipitator and constructed to probe the particles with a beam in order to detect the particles. The body of the electrostatic precipitator has a geometry that allows the beam to travel from the optical probe to the collection surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to a detection system for particles suspended in a gas. The detection system includes an electrostatic precipitator constructed to collect the particles from the gas onto a collection surface using the force of an induced electrostatic charge on the particles. The detection system also includes an optical probe coupled with the electrostatic precipitator and constructed to probe the particles with a beam in order to detect the particles. The body of the electrostatic precipitator has a geometry that allows the beam to travel from the optical probe to the collection surface.

Abstract: A method for detecting and measuring a metal ion in an aqueous medium includes derivatizing a solid phase extraction material with a reactive material that undergoes a chemical reaction when contacted with the metal ion. The solid phase extraction material and the reactive material are positioned in an aqueous medium containing the metal ion, such that the metal ion contacts the reactive material and causes it to chemically react. The reaction of the reactive material is detected by optical spectroscopy to detect and measure the metal ion.

Abstract: A detection system for detecting and measuring a metal ion in an aqueous medium includes a substrate that provides mechanical stability and is sized and shaped to intercept an optical beam (for example, a beam in the ultraviolet, visible or infraredregion). A reactive material is attached to the substrate, for example attached to the surface of the substrate or to a film that coats the substrate. The reactive material is capable of reacting with the metal ion and changing its optical spectrum upon reacting. For example, in one embodiment the reactive material includes a chelator that bonds to the metal ion to form a chelate complex. The detection system also includes an optical spectrometer producing the optical beam that passes through the reactive material to a detector of the spectrometer. For example, the spectrometer may be a Fourier transform, dispersive or filter based spectrometer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a detection system for detecting an analyte in a fluid medium. The detection system comprises a substrate that provides mechanical stability and is sized and shaped to intercept an infrared beam. A reactive material is coated on the substrate. When contacted with the analyte in the fluid medium, the reactive material reacts with the analyte and is altered. The detection system also comprises an infrared spectrometer producing the infrared beam that passes through the reactive material to a detector of the spectrometer. The alteration of the reactive material allows the spectrometer to identify and quantify the analyte. In one embodiment, the reactive material irreversibly reacts with the analyte. In another embodiment, the spectrometer is a non-ATR infrared spectrometer. In a further embodiment, the substrate is a disposable substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a detection system for detecting an analyte in a fluid medium. The detection system comprises a substrate that provides mechanical stability and is sized and shaped to intercept an infrared beam. A reactive material is coated on the substrate. When contacted with the analyte in the fluid medium, the reactive material reacts with the analyte and is altered. The detection system also comprises an infrared spectrometer producing the infrared beam that passes through the reactive material to a detector of the spectrometer. The alteration of the reactive material allows the spectrometer to identify and quantify the analyte. In one embodiment, the reactive material irreversibly reacts with the analyte. In another embodiment, the spectrometer is a non-ATR infrared spectrometer. In a further embodiment, the substrate is a disposable substrate.

Abstract: Methods of increasing the relative concentration of a target molecule in a gas stream, so that it can be more easily detected by a semiconducting metal oxide based sensor. A gas stream is passed through an adsorbent, the stream containing molecules of the target molecule in a mixture containing molecules of at least one non-target molecule. Both the target and non-target molecules are adsorbed on the adsorbent. Another gas stream containing molecules of a chemical displacer is passed through the adsorbent, the molecules of the chemical displacer adsorbing on the adsorbent to selectively displace the target molecules from the adsorbent while leaving the non-target molecules adsorbed. The chemical displacement causes the displaced target molecules to enter the gas stream. The gas stream can then be passed through a semiconducting metal oxide based sensor to detect the target molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of increasing the relative concentration of a target molecule in a gas stream, so that it can be more easily detected by a semiconducting metal oxide based sensor. In a first step of one method, a gas stream is passed through an adsorbent. The gas stream contains molecules of the target molecule in a mixture containing molecules of at least one non-target molecule. Both the target and non-target molecules are adsorbed on the adsorbent. In a second step, another gas stream containing molecules of a chemical displacer is passed through the adsorbent. The molecules of the chemical displacer adsorb on the adsorbent to selectively displace the target molecules from the adsorbent while leaving the non-target molecules adsorbed. The chemical displacement causes the displaced target molecules to enter the gas stream. The gas stream can then be passed through a semiconducting metal oxide based sensor to detect the target molecules.

Abstract: An ink composition containing (1) an oxazoline compound with, for example, a melting point of from about above 60° C. to about 120° C. and with, for example, an acoustic-loss value of from about 25 to about 80 dB/mm; (2) a carbamate; (3) an alcohol compound; (4) a lightfastness component; (5) a lightfastness antioxidant; and (6) a colorant.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for depositing a particulate marking material onto a substrate, comprising (a) a printhead having defined therein at least one channel, each channel having an inner surface and an exit orifice with a width no larger than about 250 microns, the inner surface of each channel having thereon a hydrophobic coating material; (b) a propellant source connected to each channel such that propellant provided by the propellant source can flow through each channel to form propellant streams therein, said propellant streams having kinetic energy, each channel directing the propellant stream through the exit orifice toward the substrate; and (c) a marking material reservoir having an inner surface, said inner surface having thereon the hydrophobic coating material, said reservoir containing particles of a particulate marking material, said reservoir being communicatively connected to each channel such that the particulate marking material from the reservoir can be controllably introduced into the p

Abstract: A carrier comprised of a carrier core, optional polymer coating, and fluorosilanated pigment coating.

Abstract: A carrier comprised of a carrier core, optional polymer coating, and fluorosilanated pigment coating.

Abstract: An ink composition comprised of (1) a solid oxazoline compound with a melting point of from about 60.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. and an acoustic-loss value of from about 25 to about 80 dB/mm; (2) a carbamate compound with a melting point of from about 25.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.; (3) an alcohol compound; (4) a lightfastness component; (5) a lightfastness antioxidant; and (6) a colorant.

Abstract: A process which comprises maintaining a mixture of carbon dioxide, surface treating agent and colorant at a temperature of from about -10.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., and optionally removing carbon dioxide.

Abstract: An ink composition comprised of a colorant and a phase change vehicle derived from the reaction product of a resin containing at least one furan moiety and at least one maleimide moiety, and wherein said ink possesses a viscosity of from about 1 centipoise to about 20 centipoise at a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 180.degree. C.

Abstract: An ink composition comprised of a colorant and a phase change vehicle derived from the reaction product of a resin containing at least one furan moiety and at least one maleimide moiety, and wherein said ink possesses a viscosity of from about 1 centipoise to about 20 centipoise at a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 180.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle, a pigment, and a vesicle-forming lipid, wherein vesicles of the lipid are present in the ink.

Abstract: A process which comprises heating at a temperature of from about 31.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. a mixture of supercritical carbon dioxide, metal or metal oxide, and a surface treating component, optionally removing carbon dioxide, and optionally cooling.

Abstract: A process which comprises heating at a temperature of from about -60.degree. to about 31.degree. C. a mixture of liquid carbon dioxide, metal or metal oxide, and a surface treating component, and optionally removing carbon dioxide.