Abstract: A method for extracting a fluorinated gas from a freeze-drying chamber by insufflating a second gas into said chamber, extracting the gas from said container and controlling said extraction of gas to avoid a backflow of the extracted gas into the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the acetylation of an aqueous solution of lactic acid to (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid. The process comprises in particular removing water from the solution of lactic acid and reacting lactic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of acetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the acetylation of an aqueous solution of lactic acid to (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid. The process comprises in particular removing water from the solution of lactic acid and reacting lactic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of acetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the acetylation of an aqueous solution of lactic acid to (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid. The process comprises in particular removing water from the solution of lactic acid and reacting lactic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of acetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the acetylation of an aqueous solution of lactic acid to (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid. The process comprises in particular removing water from the solution of lactic acid and reacting lactic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of acetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the acetylation of an aqueous solution of lactic acid to (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid. The process comprises in particular removing water from the solution of lactic acid and reacting lactic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of acetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous method for the preparation of (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid from an aqueous solution of lactic acid and acetic anhydride, in acetic acid. (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid is used for the preparation of (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid chloride, an essential intermediate compound for the preparation of lopamidol and has to be industrially produced with high purity and suitable quality for producing lopamidol according to the Pharmacopoeia requirements. The continuous process according to the invention, comprises therefore also the chlorination steps of (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid with thionyl chloride to give the corresponding (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid chloride which is further distilled to give the suitable purity characteristics for its use for the preparation of non-ionic iodinated contrast agents as lopamidol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the acetylation of an aqueous solution of lactic acid to (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid. The process comprises in particular removing water from the solution of lactic acid and reacting lactic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of acetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous method for the preparation of (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid from an aqueous solution of lactic acid and acetic anhydride, in acetic acid. (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid is used for the preparation of (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid chloride, an essential intermediate compound for the preparation of lopamidol and has to be industrially produced with high purity and suitable quality for producing lopamidol according to the Pharmacopoeia requirements. The continuous process according to the invention, comprises therefore also the chlorination steps of (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid with thionyl chloride to give the corresponding (S)-2-acetyloxypropionic acid chloride which is further distilled to give the suitable purity characteristics for its use for the preparation of non-ionic iodinated contrast agents as lopamidol.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the synthesis of a iodinating agent, being said iodinating agent iodine chloride (ICI.) In particular, the present invention relates to a process for the electrochemical preparation of ICI, as a useful iodinating agent in the preparation of iodinated organic compounds for use as contrast agents or their precursors in the synthesis of the same.

Abstract: The present invention generally refers to a process for the preparation of L-thyroxine derivatives. More in particular, the present invention relates to a iodination reaction of an aromatic derivative with an appropriate iodinating agent, so to afford the related iodinated compound as disodium salt, which may represent a useful intermediate for the synthesis of the L-thyroxine mono-sodium salt, and the free form thereof.

Abstract: The present invention generally refers to a process for the preparation of L-thyroxine derivatives. More in particular, the present invention relates to a iodination reaction of an aromatic derivative with an appropriate iodinating agent, so to afford the related iodinated compound as disodium salt, which may represent a useful intermediate for the synthesis of the L-thyroxine mono-sodium salt, and the free form thereof.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the synthesis of a iodinating agent, being said iodinating agent iodine chloride (ICI.) In particular, the present invention relates to a process for the electrochemical preparation of ICI, as a useful iodinating agent in the preparation of iodinated organic compounds for use as contrast agents or their precursors in the synthesis of the same.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of iodine from mother liquors or wastes containing iodinated organic compounds, by mineralisation of organic iodine and subsequent transformation of the formed iodide into elementary iodine, characterized in that the aqueous solution is concentrated to a suitable volume before the mineralisation step, under atmospheric pressure and at the boiling temperature, and said solution is purified by nanofiltration.

Abstract: A method for desalination of water or of aqueous solutions derived from industrial process that use two columns: the first treatment column containing a mixed bed of ion exchange resins, in which the cation exchange resins are regenerated, and a second column, into which the anion exchange resins are transferred and regenerated, to be then reintroduced from the bottom into the above mentioned first column, where they rise through the cation exchange resins.

Abstract: A process based on ion exchange with separated beds is disclosed for the deionization of substances that are not stable in the presence of strongly acidic cation exchangers, wherein the solution to be deionized is contacted with a first bed consisting of a basic anion exchanger in the form of hydrogen carbonate and subsequently with a second bed, connected in series, consisting of a weakly acidic cation exchanger in hydrogen form.

Abstract: Equipment and procedures for regenerating ion exchange resin mixed beds, used for the desalination of water or of aqueous solutions from industrial processes (process solutions), that use two columns: the first treatment column (C1), containing a mixed bed of ion exchange resins, in which the cation exchange resins are regenerated, and a second column (C2) into which the anion exchange resins are transferred and regenerated, to be then reintroduced from the bottom into the above mentioned first column (C1), where they rise through the cation exchange resins and intimately mix with the anionic exchange resins.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid and the salts thereof of formula (I) ##STR1## which comprises the following steps: a) carboxymethylation reaction of a suitable precursor in water, with a haloacetic acid,b) hydrolysis reaction in basic conditions by addition of the base added at the previous step.

Abstract: A novel a process for the preparation of the chelating agent of formula (I) ##STR1## 4-carboxy-5,8,11-tris(carboxymethyl)-1-phenyl-2-oxa-5,8,11-triazatridecan- 13-oic acid, commonly named BOPTA.

Abstract: A process based on ion exchange with separated beds is disclosed for the deionization of substances that are not stable in the presence of strongly acidic cation exchangers, wherein the solution to be deionized is contacted with a first bed consisting of a basic anion exchanger in the form of hydrogen carbonate and subsequently with a second bed, connected in series, consisting of a weakly acidic cation exchanger in hydrogen form.