Abstract: Low Latency, Low Loss, Scalable Throughput (L4S) support and queuing and, specifically, L4S proxy support for non-L4S-compatible devices and L4S queuing for Access Points (APs) may be provided. Providing L4S support can include determining a flow for a L4S capable Station (STA) is L4S enabled. In response to determining the flow is L4S enabled, a shallow queuing mechanism is implemented for queuing traffic by replacing one or more alternate queues with one or more L4S queues, the shallow queuing mechanism comprising one or more classic queues and the one or more L4S queues. L4S traffic of the flow is queued in at least one of the one or more L4S queues.

Abstract: Subscriber identity concealment from an access network provider may be provided. A computing device may receive first identity data associated with a client device. Then the first identity data associated with the client device may be encrypted using second identity data to create an encrypted version of the first identity data associated with the client device. The encrypted version of the first identity data associated with the client device may be provided to an access network.

Abstract: This relates to a method for geolocating a terminal of a wireless communication system. The terminal detects one or more identifiers of neighbouring transmitting devices. The terminal sends the detected identifies in a message to an access network. A server of the access network determines, for each identifier, a score representative of the reliability of the identifier relative to a geolocation database. For this purpose, the server uses an identifier reliability database that stores identifiers of transmitting devices and their respective scores. The geolocation database stores identifiers of transmitting devices and their respective geographical positions. The server selects the identifiers having the best scores to geolocate the terminal using the geolocation database.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides techniques for optimizing roaming by using client location and motion state data. An access point (AP) receives contextual data transmitted from a client device associated with the AP. The AP analyzes the contextual data to determine at least one of a current location of the client device or one or more movement characteristics of the client device. The AP identifies one or more target APs, from a plurality of neighboring APs, for the client device to roam to. The AP sends a roaming recommendation to the client device including the one or more target APs.

Abstract: Techniques for intelligent multi-link operation (MLO) mode selection are provided. One or more metrics for wireless communication in a wireless network is collected. A set of multi-link operation (MLO) modes available for the wireless communication between a station multi-link device (STA MLD) and a first access point multi-link device (AP MLD) in the wireless network is determined. A first MLO mode of the set of MLO modes is selected based on the one or more collected metrics. The wireless communication is performed using the selected first MLO mode.

Abstract: Charging for Ambient Power (AMP) devices and, in particular, AMP Backscatter Devices (BKDs) may be provided. AMP device charging may include a transmitting device transmitting an initial charging frame, the initial charging frame comprising a payload for charging. The transmitting device may detect a BKD in response to transmitting the initial charging frame. The transmitting device may then determine a new payload for a new charging frame to charge the BKD and transmit the new charging frame to charge to the BKD.

Abstract: Backscatter Device (BKD) onboarding may be provided. BKD onboarding may begin with an AP receiving an identifier associated with a BKD. The AP may determine to onboard the BKD and transmit to the BKD an onboarding excitation signal to request data from a memory bank of the BKD. The AP may then receive a response to the onboarding excitation signal from the BKD. The AP may verify the BKD is valid based on the identifier and the response. Finally, the AP may onboard the BKD based on verifying the BKD is valid.

Abstract: A method comprises: at an access point configured to communicate wirelessly with wireless stations: transmitting, to the wireless stations, a first multi-user trigger frame that identifies the wireless stations and allocates, to the wireless stations, resource units in which the wireless stations are to transmit data; and responsive to transmitting the first multi-user trigger frame, receiving, from the wireless stations, an uplink multi-user data frame that includes uplink data segments concurrently transmitted in the resource units by at least some of the wireless stations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for supporting a two-stage device-to-device (D2D) discovery using a D2D interworking function (IWF). A D2D IWF component may be configured to perform mapping between an application running on an application server and a third generation partnership project (3GPP) network, and provide a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) to allow discovery to be provided as a service to D2D applications. An application identifier may be mapped to a 3GPP identifier. Further, a method and apparatus are described for performing client-server discovery. A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured for a listen-only operation, and a second WTRU may be configured to transmit beacons. The first and second WTRUs may perform a radio access network (RAN) discovery procedure at an access stratum (AS) layer. A method and apparatus for performing charging for D2D service using a D2D IWF are also described.

Abstract: A method of generating stem cells that are unable to undergo T cell receptor (TCR) or B cell receptor (BCR) gene rearrangements is provided. In particular, methods, compositions and kits for use in generating cells of the T cell lineage or B cell lineage comprising an unrearranged TCR gene locus or BCR gene locus, respectively, are 5 provided. In one embodiment, the cells are further engineered to express a TCR, bCR or CAR conferring specificity to an antigen of interest. Cells, compositions, kits and uses thereof are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for updating a database of a geolocation server using a wireless communication system. The database includes a table associating an identifier of a transmitting device with at least one piece of information on its geographical position. The communication system includes an access network and a terminal communicating with the access network and with the transmitting devices according to two distinct protocols. The terminal receives a message emitted by a transmitting device and including an identifier of the transmitting device. The terminal emits a message with this identifier to the access network. The access network determines a piece of information on the geographical position of the terminal. A consistency check is performed between the piece of position information of the terminal determined by the access network and the piece of position information present in the table. The table is updated based on the consistency check.

Abstract: Techniques for improved peer-to-peer communication are provided. A wireless access point (AP) may initiate peer-to-peer communication between multilink peer-to-peer devices by sending a trigger frame addressed to the peer-to-peer devices to hand over a transmission opportunity (TXOP). The trigger frame is sent based on the AP's knowledge of the availability of the peer-to-peer devices for peer-to-peer communication. The trigger frame indicates a link to be used for the peer-to-peer communication. In response to receiving the trigger frame one or more of the peer-to-peer devices acknowledge the trigger frame, tune to the assigned link, and use the remaining portion of the TXOP for peer-to-peer communication.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for supporting a two-stage device-to-device (D2D) discovery using a D2D interworking function (IWF). A D2D IWF component may be configured to perform mapping between an application running on an application server and a third generation partnership project (3GPP) network, and provide a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) to allow discovery to be provided as a service to D2D applications. An application identifier may be mapped to a 3GPP identifier. Further, a method and apparatus are described for performing client-server discovery. A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured for a listen-only operation, and a second WTRU may be configured to transmit beacons. The first and second WTRUs may perform a radio access network (RAN) discovery procedure at an access stratum (AS) layer. A method and apparatus for performing charging for D2D service using a D2D IWF are also described.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a broadcasting message by an access network intended for a group of terminals. The terminals are configured to recurrently and asynchronously transmit polling messages intended for the access network. An instant for transmitting the broadcasting message is determined on the basis of information relating to the recurrence of the polling messages transmitted by the terminals of the group. Before transmitting the broadcasting message and for each polling message received from a terminal of the group, a response message including one or more parameters relating to the transmission of the broadcasting message is transmitted. The response message needs to be received by the terminal during a listening window with a predetermined duration following the transmission of the polling message. The broadcasting message is transmitted over the broadcasting channel at the determined transmission instant.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system, there is disclosed a method for decoding a frame transmitted by a transmitter device is executed by a receiver device. The method includes the following steps:—selecting one or more gateway stations likely to have detected, on a communication channel, a corrupted frame corresponding to the frame to be decoded, the selection being carried out such that, in order to be selected, a gateway station does not have communicate beforehand, to the receiver device, any item of information relating to the possibly detected corrupted frame in order;—sending a request to each selected gateway station in order to request the selected gateway station to transmit the possibly detected corrupted frame; and—combining the corrupted frames transmitted by the various selected gateway stations in order to decode the frame.

Abstract: Techniques for managing communications between access points (APs) and stations (STAs) are described herein. In one embodiment, an AP broadcasts a trigger message to a plurality of STAs, the trigger message including a matrix defining a plurality of resource units (RUs) that the plurality of STAs are assigned to transmit or receive data, and a fragment flag. The presence of the fragment flag, within the scheduling matrix, informs the AP that the data transmission that the fragment flag is appended to is a partial transmission that will be completed in a subsequent transmission opportunity.

Abstract: Techniques for managing communications between access points and stations (STAs) are described herein. An access point broadcasts a trigger message to a plurality of STAs, the trigger message includes a matrix defining a plurality of resource units (RUs) that the plurality of STAs are assigned to transmit or receive data. The matrix accomplishes time division multiplexing by assigning timeslots to a plurality of STAs. The matrix accomplishes frequency division multiplexing by also assigning frequency tones to the plurality of STAs.

Abstract: Disclosed methods and systems for efficiently gathering reports from stations coupled to an access point via a wireless network. In some cases, the reports may be attached to block acknowledge frames, which often occur. Alternatively, when multiple stations operate with assigned resource units during a transmission opportunity (TXOP), the reports are embedded in the spare capacity of a physical protocol data units used during the TXOP.

Abstract: Enhanced network level information for power control is described. The enhanced network level information enables network connected electronic devices to enter and exit standby modes based on system level information. The network level information also enables the use of a respective network connected device in a seamless manner from the perspective of the user, while decreasing the amount of energy consumed by the device when not in active operation. In some examples, a Network Monitoring Application (NMA) classifies electronic devices into power control categories, monitors a physical environment associated with the plurality of connected electronic devices, and provides a power control signal to the various electronic devices upon detection of a change in the physical environment.

Abstract: A method to operate a multi-link wireless device. The method includes establishing at least a first multi-link device interface and a second multi-link device interface, exposing, via a virtual data port, the first multi-link device interface and the second multi-link device interface at a data processing layer of the wireless device, selecting one of the first multi-link device interface and the second multi-link device interface, as a selected multi-link device interface, based on performance information associated with a first radio and a second radio associated, respectively, with the first multi-link device interface and the second multi-link device interface, and wirelessly transmitting a packet from the wireless device by routing the packet through the selected multi-link device interface.