Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the emissions from a thermal oxidizer for volatile organic compounds (VOC) containing waste gases. The waste gas is treated in a thermal reactor and either before, in or after the thermal reactor the waste gas is contacted with a catalyzed surface device in the gas stream within the thermal oxidizer. The catalyzed surface device has a catalyzed surface which contacts the waste gas and further oxidizes the waste gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the emissions from a thermal oxidizer for volatile organic compounds (VOC) containing waste gases. The waste gas is treated in a thermal reactor and either before, in or after the thermal reactor the waste gas is contacted with a catalyzed surface device in the gas stream within the thermal oxidizer. The catalyzed surface device has a catalyzed surface which contacts the waste gas and further oxidizes the waste gas.

Abstract: Removal NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x from the flue gas utilizing a transport line adsorber through which sorbent is transported by pressurized flue gas to cause the sorbent to absorb NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x from the flue gas while the flue gas is transporting the sorbent particles through the transport line adsorber. A plurality of interconnected cyclones may be utilized to contact sorbent saturated with NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x removed from the flue gas with a heated gas to heat the sorbent and remove the NO.sub.x from the sorbent and separate the sorbent and the heated gas to produce an off stream of heated gas carrying the removed NO.sub.x away; the heated gas and gravity combine to pass the sorbent through the plurality of cyclones and which cyclones are positioned vertically and successively downwardly with respect to each other. A plurality of interconnected cyclones is also utilized to contact heated sorbent having the NO.sub.x and SO.sub.

Abstract: A catalyst support is made with a bidisperse micropore size distribution. One region has small micropores with an average pore diameter of less than 100 Angstrom units. The other region has large micropores with an average pore diameter which is between 100 and 600 Angstrom units. By adding catalytic metals for desulfurization and demetallation, a hydrotreating catalyst is made which is able to treat heavy feeds containing large metal bearing molecules. In a preferred embodiment the desulfurization metals are placed in the small micropores and the demetallation metals are placed in the larger micropores.

Abstract: An optimum washcoated ceramic monolith for treating automotive exhaust gases is made by(a) specifying the reactants, process conditions and desired time on stream;(b) determining from the parameters in step (a) the pore size distribution and thickness of the washcoat to produce the desired auto exhaust conversion;(c) preparing a washcoat catalyst with an alumina having the desired pore size distribution; and(d) applying the prepared washcoat catalyst to a ceramic or metal monolith to produce a finished automotive exhaust gas catalyst.Following this process the optimized washcoated catalyst can then be used to treat automotive exhaust gases.

Abstract: An optimum washcoated ceramic monolith for treating automotive exhaust gases is made by(a) specifying the reactants, process conditions and desired time on stream;(b) determining from the parameters in step (a) the pore size distribution and thickness of the washcoat to produce the desired auto exhaust conversion;(c) preparing a washcoat catalyst with an alumina having the desired pore size distribution; and(d) applying the prepared washcoat catalyst to a ceramic or metal monolith to produce a finished automotive exhaust gas catalyst. Following this process the optimized washcoated catalyst can then be used to treat automotive exhaust gases.

Abstract: A boria promoted hydrotreating catalyst is made having a microporous region with high surface area for desulfurization and preferably a macroporous region to transport large metal containing molecules into the interior of the catalyst particle. The alumina support has 0.1 to 5% boria to form a hydrotreating catalyst which minimizes the formation of tetrahedrally coordinated boron. It is calcined to a temperature of 1400.degree. F. or less to maintain a high desulfurization activity. Conventional hydrotreating catalytic elements from Groups VB, VIB, VIIIB and VA of the Periodic Table are added. Less than 75% of the boron is in tetrahedral coordination as measured by Magic Angle Spinning .sup.11 B NMR.

Abstract: A novel FCC method and apparatus, wherein a fresh hydrocarbon feed of relatively poor crackability is fed to one riser of a two riser system. The spent catalyst from the other of the two risers is fed to the inlet of the first riser to produce relatively mild cracking conditions. Improved total gasoline plus distillate yields are achieved. The novel two riser system facilitates heat balancing of the system.

Abstract: An extrudate catalyst suitable for auto emission control is made from a solid, transitional alumina with a partially hollow interior. Deposited on the extrudate are two promoters, ceria and an alkali metal, and one or more platinum group metals. The preferred alkali metal is in the oxide form as lithia. The cylindrical extrudate has internal reinforcing vanes or ribs extending from the inner wall to the center of the extrudate particle. This configuration permits the catalyst to have the large geometric surface area per reactor volume yet, because of the openings inside the extrudate, the catalyst particles do not exhibit a large pressure drop when packed in a deep bed. These catalysts provide greater hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide conversions than do similar size spherical particles and they have improved light-off characteristics.

Abstract: An extrudate catalyst suitable for auto emission control is made from a solid, transitional alumina. It has a partially hollow interior and one or more platinum group metals deposited on the extrudate. The cylindrical extrudate has internal reinforcing vanes or ribs extending from the inner wall to the center of the extrudate particle. This configuration permits the catalyst to have the large geometric surface area per reactor volume yet, because of the openings inside the extrudate, the catalyst particles do not exhibit a large pressure drop when packed in a deep bed. These catalysts provide greater hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide conversions than do similar size spherical particles and they have improved light-off characteristics.

Abstract: An extrudate suitable for improved gas/liquid contacting is made from a solid, transitional alumina. The cylindrical extrudate has a partially hollow interior and internal reinforcing vanes or ribs extending from the inner wall to the center of the extrudate particle. This extrudate configuration permits the extrudate to have the large geometric surface area per reactor volume yet, because of the openings inside the extrudate, the particles do not exhibit a large pressure drop when packed in a deep bed. One or more Group VI and Group VIII metals can be impregnated to form a catalyst which provides superior desulfurization and demetallization activity than do similar size particles.

Abstract: An extrudate catalyst suitable for auto emission control is made from a solid, transitional aluminia with a partially hollow interior. Deposited on the extrudate are two promoters, ceria and an alkali metal, and one or more platinum group metals. The preferred alkali metal is in the oxide form as lithia. The cylindrical extrudate has internal reinforcing vanes or ribs extending from the inner wall to the center of the extrudate particle. This configuration permits the catalyst to have the large geometric surface area per reactor volume yet, because of the openings inside the extrudate, the catalyst particles do not exhibit a large pressure drop when packed in a deep bed. These catalysts provide greater hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide conversions than do similar size spherical particles and they have improved light-off characteristics.

Abstract: An extrudate catalyst suitable for auto emission control is made from a solid, transitional alumina. It has a partially hollow interior and one or more platinum group metals deposited on the extrudate. The cylindrical extrudate has internal reinforcing vanes or ribs extending from the inner wall to the center of the extrudate particle. This configuration permits the catalyst to have the large geometric surface area per reactor volume yet, because of the openings inside the extrudate, the catalyst particles do not exhibit a large pressure drop when packed in a deep bed. These catalysts provide greater hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide conversions than do similar size spherical particles and they have improved light-off characteristics.