Abstract: A method of deterministically computer generating a model of a response voltage waveform of a seismic receiver employed in a seismic, particularly marine, data gathering system, the model incorporating factors that have been identified as significant contributions to amplitude, such as directivity, divergence, attenuation, interbed multiples, and transmissivity. The model is generated from the mathematical manipulation of well log data and data gathering system characteristics into a seismic range equation, namely: ##EQU1## where E.sub.r (f)=received energy densityE(f)=radiated energy densityD(.theta..sub.s, .phi..sub.s, f)=source directivity along .theta..sub.s, .phi..sub.s direction at the sourceA.sub.c (.theta..sub.H, .phi..sub.H, f)=Capture area along .theta..sub.H, .phi..sub.H direction at the hydrophone arrayR.sub.T =target reflection coefficientD.sub.

Abstract: A method of deterministically computer generating a model of a response voltage waveform of a seismic receiver employed in a seismic, particularly marine, data gathering system, the model incorporating factors that have been identified as significant contributions to amplitude, such as directivity, divergence, attenuation, interbed multiples, and transmissivity. The model is generated from the mathematical manipulation of well log data and data gathering system characteristics into a seismic range equation, namely: ##EQU1## where E.sub.r (f)=received energy densityE(f)=radiated energy densityD(l.theta..sub.s, .phi..sub.s,f)=source directivity along .theta..sub.s,.phi..sub.s direction at the sourceA.sub.c (.theta..sub.H,.phi..sub.H,f)=Capture area along .theta..sub.H,.phi..sub.H direction at the hydrophone arrayR.sub.T =target reflection coefficientD.sub.

Abstract: A method for determining the position of a subterranean plane reflector relative to a known location on the earth surface from unprocessed seismic data received at a number of colinear acoustic receiver locations. A traveltime curve associated with the reflector is identified from the seismic data. From two points on the traveltime curve, a signal indicative of the reflector's dip angle is generated. Using the dip angle signal, signals indicative of the position of each imaged point of the reflector are generated. The inventive method assumes knowledge of the average velocity of seismic waves in the subterranean formation above the reflector, and that such formation region can adequately be considered to have constant velocity equal to such average velocity. The method may be applied to process raw data generated during a vertical seismic profiling operation.