Abstract: A method (500) for conditioning or hydrolysis of an extruded membrane is disclosed. The method (500) comprising ion exchange processes in divided electrochemical cells using a cation exchanger membrane. The method (500) includes extruding the perfluorosulfonyl fluoride membranes from perfluorosulfonyl fluoride granulate. The method (500) also includes using a pretreatment technique to increase the ionic conductivity of the extruded perfluorosulfonyl fluoride membranes before using the perfluorosulfonic acid membranes in electrolysis cells. The method (500) also includes applying a milder pretreatment technique by activating S—F bonds to execute nucleophilic exchange of the fluoride group in a reaction. The method (500) also includes hydrolyzing sulfonyl fluoride groups to sulfonic acid using triethylsilanol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a component by means of layered construction, by combining a plurality of crystallites of a metallic material to form a single crystal. The single crystal is formed by thermomechanically activated successive anisotropic plastic deformation. The metallic material is heated during the construction of a new layer, with the result that the metallic material is melted in a linear region. The linear region is moved in order to construct the new layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an auxetic material that is composed of a periodic arrangement of three-dimensional structural elements (G, G1, G2, G3) connected to each other, wherein each of the structural elements (G) comprises a first (3) and at least three second supporting elements (4), wherein the first (3) and the second supporting elements (4) are connected at a common node (1) with their one ends, and wherein a first angle (?) between the first supporting element (3) and the second supporting elements (4) is less than 90°.