Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include methods and compositions related to treating an individual for HER2+ positive cancer with an appropriate treatment based on outcome of a multiparameter classifier. The methods allow for identification of HER2+ individuals that are suitable to avoid chemotherapy, in specific embodiments. Methods of the disclosure also allow for identification of HER2+ individuals that should not avoid chemotherapy. In specific embodiments, the multiparameter classifier identifies whether there is (1) a ratio of HER2 amplification, relative to a control probe, of greater than or equal to 4.5; (2) a HER2 expression level score of 3+, as determined by immunohistochemistry, in at least 90% of breast cancer cells; (3) whether there is a HER2-enriched molecular subtype; and (4) whether the individual has a wildtype PIKC3A gene.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments illustrated provide the discovery of systems, methods, and apparatuses of removable tips for use with medical retractors in laparoscopic surgery that provide many benefits, including but not limited to, improving the efficiency and navigation to the target anatomy while maintaining adequate exposure to the target anatomy.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments illustrated provide the discovery of systems, methods, and apparatuses of removable tips for use with medical retractors in laparoscopic surgery that provide many benefits, including but not limited to, improving the efficiency and navigation to the target anatomy while maintaining adequate exposure to the target anatomy.