Abstract: Provided are methods for isolating potent extracellular vesicle populations from mesenchymal stem cells. In particular, the present disclosure identified a protein profile specific for MSC-derived EV populations. Moreover, disclosed herein is the use of the isolated extracellular vesicles in treating a variety of diseases and conditions, including chronic or acute lung diseases such as pulmonary hypertension, ARDS and diseases and conditions characterized by vasculopathy, reduced angiogenesis, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, acute inflammation, fibrosis, or chronic inflammation.