Abstract: A system includes: a first camera configured to capture first images of a driver on a driver's seat within a passenger cabin of a vehicle; a second camera configured to capture second images in front of the vehicle; a driver module configured to determine a driver of the vehicle based on at least one of the first images and to determine a present driver's licensing level of the driver with a driver's licensing body; a first detection module configured to detect first occurrences of first conditions within the passenger cabin of the vehicle based on the first images; a second detection module configured to detect second occurrences of second conditions outside of the vehicle; and a reporting module configured to, based on the present driver's licensing level of the driver, selectively generate a report including at least one of the first and second occurrences.

Abstract: An intoxication detection system of a vehicle includes: a passive breath sensor configured to measure an amount of an intoxicant present within a passenger cabin; a camera configured to capture images including a driver on a driver's seat within the passenger cabin; a radar sensor configured to output radar signals toward the driver's seat and receive signals reflected back to the radar sensor; a baseline module configured to determine baseline parameters for the driver based on images from the camera and the signals received by the radar sensor; and an intoxication indication module configured to output an indicator that the driver is intoxicated when both (a) the amount of the intoxicant is greater than or equal to a predetermined amount and (b) at least one present parameter of the driver is different than a respective one of the baseline parameters for the driver by at least a predetermined amount.

Abstract: A system for detecting seatbelt positioning includes: a seatbelt having a plurality of stripes extending lengthwise along a length of the seatbelt longer than an entire width of the seatbelt. The plurality of stripes are arranged in an alternating pattern of bright and dark in near-infrared, each having a width in a direction perpendicular to a lengthwise dimension of the seatbelt. The plurality of stripes may include at least two bright stripes and at least two dark stripes, and the widths of the stripes may define an asymmetric pattern with at least one of: two bright stripes having different widths, or two dark stripes having different widths.

Abstract: An intoxication detection system of a vehicle includes: a passive breath sensor configured to measure an amount of an intoxicant present within a passenger cabin of the vehicle; a camera configured to capture images including a driver on a driver's seat within the passenger cabin of the vehicle; an intoxication indication module configured to: selectively determine that the driver is intoxicated when the amount of the intoxicant is greater than or equal to a predetermined amount of the intoxicant; trigger performance of a test to confirm whether the driver is intoxicated when the amount of intoxicant is greater than or equal to the predetermined amount of the intoxicant; and selectively indicate that the intoxication of the driver is confirmed when nystagmus is detected in the driver based on images from the camera during performance of the test.

Abstract: A method for detecting a position of a seatbelt in a vehicle includes: capturing, by a camera, a source image of an occupant in the vehicle; determining a pose of the occupant based on the source image; determining an occupant shadow based on the pose of the occupant; determining, based on the occupant shadow, a shadow overlying a region of interest (ROI) in the source image; and detecting, based on the shadow overlying the ROI, the seatbelt within the ROI. A system for detecting a position of a seatbelt is also provided. The system includes a camera and controller in communication with the camera and configured to: determine a pose of the occupant; determine an occupant shadow based on the pose of the occupant; determine, based on the occupant shadow, a shadow overlying the ROI; and detect, based on the shadow overlying the ROI, the seatbelt within the ROI.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting seatbelt positioning includes capturing, by a camera, a near infrared (NIR) image of an occupant, applying a median filter to the NIR image to remove glints; converting the NIR image to a black-and-white image, scanning across the black-and-white (B/W) image to detect a plurality of transitions between black and white segments corresponding to stripes extending lengthwise along a length of the seatbelt, and using detections of the plurality of transitions to indicate a detection of the seatbelt. Converting the NIR image to the black-and-white image may include using a localized binary threshold to determine whether a given pixel in the B/W image should be black or white based on whether a corresponding source pixel within the NIR image is brighter than an average of nearby pixels within a predetermined distance of the corresponding source pixel.

Abstract: A method for detecting seatbelt positioning comprises: capturing, by a camera, a source image including a plurality of pixels each having a corresponding brightness level; determining a range of brightness levels of a group of the plurality of pixels located within at least one region of the source image; generating an adjusted image by adjusting the corresponding brightness levels of the group of the pixels located within the region of the source image based on the range of the brightness levels of the group of the plurality of pixels located within the at least one region of the source image; converting the adjusted image to a black-and-white image; and scanning across the black-and-white image to detect a plurality of transitions between black and white segments corresponding to a predetermined pattern of the seatbelt, and using detections of the plurality of transitions to indicate a detection of the seatbelt.

Abstract: A system includes: a first camera configured to capture first images of a driver on a driver's seat within a passenger cabin of the vehicle; a second camera configured to capture second images in front of the vehicle; a driver module configured to determine a driver and a present rank of the driver; a module configured to detect a condition based on at least one of (a) a first image, (b) a second image, and (c) a parameter measured by a sensor; a reinforcement module configured to: display the present rank within the passenger cabin; generate an output within the passenger cabin in response to the detection of the condition; when no conditions are detected, increment a rank period of the driver; selectively increase the present rank of the driver; and generate an alert within the passenger cabin in response to the increasing of the present rank.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for providing three-dimensional printed oral stents are provided for head and neck radiotherapy. Movement of the jaw of the patient is simulated via a computer processor. Simulating movement of the jaw of the patient comprises rotating and translating a mandible of the jaw. A digital negative impression is transformed into a digital oral stent by adding support structures to the digital negative impression. The support structures facilitate three-dimensional (3D) printing of the patient-specific oral stent.

Abstract: A method for detecting seatbelt positioning comprises: capturing, by a camera, a source image including a plurality of pixels each having a corresponding brightness level; determining a range of brightness levels of a group of the plurality of pixels located within at least one region of the source image; generating an adjusted image by adjusting the corresponding brightness levels of the group of the pixels located within the region of the source image based on the range of the brightness levels of the group of the plurality of pixels located within the at least one region of the source image; converting the adjusted image to a black-and-white image; and scanning across the black-and-white image to detect a plurality of transitions between black and white segments corresponding to a predetermined pattern of the seatbelt, and using detections of the plurality of transitions to indicate a detection of the seatbelt.

Abstract: A system includes: a first camera configured to capture first images of a driver on a driver's seat within a passenger cabin of the vehicle; a second camera configured to capture second images in front of the vehicle; a driver module configured to determine a driver and a present rank of the driver; a module configured to detect a condition based on at least one of (a) a first image, (b) a second image, and (c) a parameter measured by a sensor; a reinforcement module configured to: display the present rank within the passenger cabin; generate an output within the passenger cabin in response to the detection of the condition; when no conditions are detected, increment a rank period of the driver; selectively increase the present rank of the driver; and generate an alert within the passenger cabin in response to the increasing of the present rank.

Abstract: A method for detecting an object having a known pattern with a boundary of a shadow overlying the known pattern includes: capturing, by a camera, a source image of the object; detecting a plurality of transitions between dark and bright regions of the source image and corresponding to the known pattern; determining an expected transition within the source image based on the known pattern and the detected transitions; determining an absence of the expected transition due to the boundary of the shadow overlying the known pattern; and determining a location in the source image corresponding to the expected transition based on a rate of change of brightness in the source image. A system including a camera and a controller configured to detect an object having a known pattern with a boundary of a shadow overlying the known pattern is also provided.

Abstract: A method for detecting a position of a seatbelt in a vehicle includes: capturing, by a camera, a source image of an occupant in the vehicle; determining a pose of the occupant based on the source image; determining an occupant shadow based on the pose of the occupant; determining, based on the occupant shadow, a shadow overlying a region of interest (ROI) in the source image; and detecting, based on the shadow overlying the ROI, the seatbelt within the ROI. A system for detecting a position of a seatbelt is also provided. The system includes a camera and controller in communication with the camera and configured to: determine a pose of the occupant; determine an occupant shadow based on the pose of the occupant; determine, based on the occupant shadow, a shadow overlying the ROI; and detect, based on the shadow overlying the ROI, the seatbelt within the ROI.

Abstract: A system includes: a first camera configured to capture first images of a driver on a driver's seat within a passenger cabin of a vehicle; a second camera configured to capture second images in front of the vehicle; a driver module configured to determine a driver of the vehicle based on at least one of the first images and to determine a present driver's licensing level of the driver with a driver's licensing body; a first detection module configured to detect first occurrences of first conditions within the passenger cabin of the vehicle based on the first images; a second detection module configured to detect second occurrences of second conditions outside of the vehicle; and a reporting module configured to, based on the present driver's licensing level of the driver, selectively generate a report including at least one of the first and second occurrences.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting seatbelt positioning includes capturing, by a camera, a near infrared source image of an occupant in a vehicle, determining a position of a head of the occupant in the source image, determining a region of interest for a seatbelt based on the position of the head; determining an oversaturation condition in the region of interest for the seatbelt, adjusting the source image to form an adjusted image compensating the oversaturation condition in the region of interest for the seatbelt, converting the adjusted image to a black-and-white image, and detecting the seatbelt within the black-and-white image. Adjusting the source image to compensate the oversaturation condition may include adjusting an exposure level of the source image based on a contrast ratio in the region of interest and/or based on detecting a predetermined pattern of the seatbelt within the region of interest for the seatbelt.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting seatbelt positioning includes capturing, by a camera, a near infrared (NIR) image of an occupant, applying a median filter to the NIR image to remove glints; converting the NIR image to a black-and-white image, scanning across the black-and-white (B/W) image to detect a plurality of transitions between black and white segments corresponding to stripes extending lengthwise along a length of the seatbelt, and using detections of the plurality of transitions to indicate a detection of the seatbelt. Converting the NIR image to the black-and-white image may include using a localized binary threshold to determine whether a given pixel in the B/W image should be black or white based on whether a corresponding source pixel within the NIR image is brighter than an average of nearby pixels within a predetermined distance of the corresponding source pixel.

Abstract: A system for evaluating performance of a driver of a vehicle with an electronic control unit is provided. The system includes an evaluation processor configured to access driving dynamics data regarding operation of the vehicle, and a driver monitoring sensor in communication with the evaluation processor to generate driver status data that relates to a position, orientation, or condition of the driver. One or more external monitoring sensors are in communication with the evaluation processor to generate external interaction data relating to interaction of the driver with an external environment. The evaluation processor is configured to generate a driver rating based upon the driving dynamics data and the driver status data and the external interaction data. A method for evaluating performance of a driver of a vehicle is also provided.

Abstract: A monitoring system for determining driver readiness for takeover of vehicle control from an autonomous driving system is provided. The monitoring system may include an evaluation processor and a driver monitoring system. The evaluation processor may access driver data from the driver monitoring system. The driver monitoring system may include one or more driver monitoring sensors that capture attributes of the driver indicative of driver ability to take over vehicle control. The evaluation processor may prompt the driver for an affirmative confirmation of takeover in response to a takeover request from an autonomous driving system and the sensed attributes of the driver indicative of the driver being ready to take over vehicle control.

Abstract: A method and system for generating a combined rearview image of an area behind a vehicle that is towing a trailer, the method including: capturing a first image from a vehicle camera that is installed on the vehicle, the first image being comprised of an area behind the vehicle; capturing a second image from a trailer camera that is installed on the trailer, the second image being comprised of an area behind the trailer; determining an obstructed viewing region within the first image, the obstructed viewing region being a region of the first image in which the trailer resides; overlaying the second image on the first image and at least partially within the obstructed viewing region; and inserting graphics in the first image, in the second image, and/or in a patch region within the obstructed viewing region and between the second image and the first image.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for providing three-dimensional printed oral stents are provided for head and neck radiotherapy. Movement of the jaw of the patient is simulated via a computer processor. Simulating movement of the jaw of the patient comprises rotating and translating a mandible of the jaw. A digital negative impression is transformed into a digital oral stent by adding support structures to the digital negative impression. The support structures facilitate three-dimensional (3D) printing of the patient-specific oral stent.