Abstract: A memory protection unit includes at least a first access control unit and a second access control unit programmed for controlling an access to a memory device. Further a method to operate a processing system comprising multiple processing devices and multiple memory protection units associated to the multiple processing devices, The access to the memory by a processing device is approved if first access control unit and second access control unit of the memory protection associated to the processing device approves the access and access is rejected if first access control unit or second access control unit rejects the access. The first access control unit is programmable by the associated processing device alone and the programming of the second access control unit is readable by an additional processing device which is to be used in a system with multiple programming devices, not the associate processing device.

Abstract: In a method for operating a communication system having a plurality of nodes which have access to a shared channel, a transmission process for transmitting a message via the channel is monitored for bit errors, and when a bit error occurs, a signaling message is transmitted via the channel in order to signal the bit error. In order to allow communications processes between the nodes to be controlled as a function of a bit error rate of the channel, a signaling rate of the signaling messages is measured and a bit error rate of the channel is determined as a function of the signaling rate.

Abstract: In order to detect a faulty error correcting unit (2) in an embedded system, wherein the error correcting unit (2) receives output data from a data source (20) and determines, whether the received data are incorrect, and wherein if the received data are incorrect, the error correcting unit (2) is expected to correct at least one error within the received data, output the corrected data and manipulate an error vector (4), a method and a system (Ia) are suggested that enable to compare the output data of the error correcting unit (2) with at least one reference data, wherein the at least one reference data originate at least indirectly from the data source (20). Both, the error vector (4) and the result of the comparison are input to a plausibility test in order to decide, whether the error correcting unit (2) is faulty. According to the result of the plausibility test, a failure vector (7) is manipulated in order to indicate whether a failure in the error correcting unit (2) is detected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cyclical time-based communication system, for the transmission of useful data (DATA) between users of the system, which comprises a databus and users connected thereto. The data transmission occurs within cyclical repeating timeframes, each with at least two timeslots. Each timeslot is provided for the transmission of a message (Ni). A message (Ni) comprises at least part of the useful data (DATA) and each message (Ni) is provided with a code (ID). The bandwidth available for data transmission may be better utilized, if the code (ID) is placed within the message (Ni) as a part thereof, each message (Ni) is additionally provided with time information concerning the timeslot which may be extracted from the code and at least one of the timeslots within the timeframes may be used for transmission of various messages in various cycles. In a preferred embodiment the information relating to the current cycle comprises an ordinal number for the cycle.

Abstract: A cyclical time-based communication system, for the transmission of data (DATA) between users, comprising a databus and users connected thereto. The data transmission occurs within cyclical repeating timeframes, each with at least two timeslots. Each timeslot is provided for the transmission of a message (Ni). A message (Ni) comprises at least part of the data (DATA) and each message (Ni) is provided with a code (ID). The bandwidth available for data transmission may be better utilized, if the code (ID) is placed within the message(Ni), each message (Ni) is additionally provided with time information concerning the timeslot which may be extracted from the code, and at least one of the timeslots may be used for transmission of various messages in various cycles. In a preferred embodiment the information relating to the current cycle comprises an ordinal number. In the simplest case the number has two values 0 and 1.

Abstract: A method for testing a memory and a control device having means for a memory test. A destination address of the memory is selected in the process, dependent addresses of the memory are determined from the destination address, and user data at the destination address and the dependent addresses are backed up. Furthermore, the destination address and the dependent addresses are described by test patterns, via which a signature is formed. The backed-up user data of the destination address and the dependent addresses are then restored. Finally, the determined signature is compared with the known setpoint value. In the event of a deviation between the signature and the setpoint value, suitable protective mechanisms are initiated.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement, having a circuit and a computer unit is provided, in which the circuit and the computer unit are connected to one another via multiple lines for transmitting a number of signals which are embodied as information signals. The circuit has a multiplexer for combining signals, the multiplexer being connected to the computer unit via an additional line.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cyclical time-based communication system, for the transmission of useful data (DATA) between users of the system, which comprises a databus and users connected thereto. The data transmission occurs within cyclical repeating timeframes, each with at least two timeslots. Each timeslot is provided for the transmission of a message (Ni). A message (Ni) comprises at least part of the useful data (DATA) and each message (Ni) is provided with a code (ID). The bandwidth available for data transmission may be better utilized, if the code (ID) is placed within the message (Ni) as a part thereof, each message (Ni) is additionally provided with time information concerning the timeslot which may be extracted from the code and at least one of the timeslots within the timeframes may be used for transmission of various messages in various cycles. In a preferred embodiment the information relating to the current cycle comprises an ordinal number for the cycle.