Abstract: In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine including a fuel tank, a fuel processing apparatus to which fuel from the tank is supplied and which separates the fuel into different fractions, the fuel and the fractions are mixed in a mixing chamber according to a performance graph stored in a control unit depending on the operating state of the engine and the mixture is then supplied to the engine in a controlled manner.

Abstract: A gas sensor, comprises a substrate, a sensor unit including a functional layer and an electrode structure, and an electric heating and/or temperature measuring arrangement. An electrically conductive shielding structure is provided between the sensor unit and the electric heating arrangement in order to shield the measurement process at the sensor unit from interferences owing to the heating process, thereby reducing or preventing the effects of electrical fields caused by voltages applied to the heating arrangement from altering or disrupting the measurement process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel conditioning process for internal combustion engines of motor vehicles. According to the present invention, on board a motor vehicle at a temperature of from 20° C. to 150° C. and at atmospheric pressure, nitrous gases essentially including nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, or dinitrogen monoxide, or gaseous mixtures thereof are passed through the liquid fuel of the motor vehicle, nitro compounds being formed in the fuel as a result of the passing through of the nitrous gases through the fuel.

Abstract: In a method for identifying the state of an NOx storage catalyst which is cyclically loaded with NOx in the exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine and regenerated, two electrical defining quantities, independent of each other, of the electrically complex impedance of the NOx storage catalyst are detected, one of the two electrical quantities being a measure of the degree of loading of the NOx storage catalyst, and from the second electrical quantity the point in time being identifiable for the end of the regeneration process of the NOx storage catalyst.

Abstract: A sensor for determining the concentration of sulphur compounds in a liquid includes: a working electrode in contact with the liquid to be analyzed; a referenced electrode insulated from the liquid to be analyzed; a liquid-impermeable membrane located between the working electrode and the reference electrode and permeable to an ion that may form a chemical compound with the sulphur compounds in the liquid to be analyzed; and a reference material in contact with the reference electrode or forms the reference electrode.

Abstract: In a fuel fractionation device for separating a low-boiling fuel fraction from a liquid fuel of an internal-combustion engine, including a vessel which contains the liquid fuel, and in which a reduced pressure is generated by withdrawing the low-boiling fuel fraction in vapor form from the vessel and making it available to the internal combustion engine, the efficiency of the fractionation is improved by utilizing a carrier-gas which is introduced into the liquid fuel, and which is withdrawn from the vessel together with the fuel fraction vapor.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing the emission of vaporized hydrocarbons in a fuel supply system. The apparatus comprises a filter for binding the hydrocarbons. A catalyst for oxidation of the hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water is provided downstream of the filter.

Abstract: In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine having a fuel tank for liquid fuel, a fuel pump which draws fuel from the fuel tank and pressurized the fuel to an injection pressure at which the fuel is made available to the internal combustion engine, a fuel-fractionating device which produces at least one liquid fuel fraction from the fuel, and an accumulator which receives the liquid fuel fraction from the fuel-fractionating device, stores it and makes it available to the internal combustion engine, the fuel fraction made available and the fuel made available being fed to the internal combustion engine by the fuel supply system as a function of demand, the accumulator is a pressure accumulator and includes pressure-generating means for pressurizing fuel fraction in the pressure accumulator to the injection pressure.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for denitrification of exhaust gasses of primarily lean operated internal combustion engines, including the following process steps:

Abstract: High temperature substance sensor, including

Abstract: A catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres which contains iridium on a support material. Silicon dioxide or a dealuminized zeolite in the acid H form with a modulus of more than 20, preferably more than 100, or mixtures thereof are used as support materials. Iridium is deposited on the external surfaces of these support materials with average particle sizes between 10 and 30 nm. The catalyst is particularly suitable for treating exhaust gases from lean-burn gasoline engines or from diesel engines.

Abstract: An Ag-containing solid, such as Ag2O, Ag2CO3, and AgOH, is used for storing/releasing nitrogen oxides in an exhaust gas from an engine during controlled cycling of the &lgr;-value of the exhaust gas. The nitrogen oxides are stored at &lgr;-values of the gas greater than 1 in the Ag-containing solid and the nitrogen oxides are released at &lgr;-values of the gas less than or equal to 1 from the Ag-containing solid. The Ag-containing solid may include a precious metal or a microporous carrier, for example, ZrO2, SiO2, TiO2, Si—Al mixed oxide, and zeolites.

Abstract: A gas sensor, comprises a substrate, a sensor unit including a functional layer and an electrode structure, and an electric heating arrangement. An electrically conductive shielding structure is provided between the sensor unit and the electric heating arrangement in order to shield the measurement process at the sensor unit from interferences owing to the heating process.

Abstract: A method for determining the fullness or the quality of a catalytic converter that stores gases in a storage medium includes the steps of measuring a change in at least one physical property of the storage medium that changes with the storage process, and determining the fullness or the quality of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for selective detection of NO in fluid media, particularly exhaust gases of internal-combustion engines. This process comprises the steps of positioning a nitrosonium-conducting solid electrolyte between two porous electrodes, acting upon one of the two electrodes with the NO-containing fluid medium, and measuring a voltage difference between the two electrodes as an indication of the NO-concentration in the NO-containing fluid medium.

Abstract: A sensor for selective detection of ammonia in high-oxygen, NO.sub.x -containing gas. The sensor has a component part acting as the capacitor, and a gas-permeable sensitive layer as the dielectric, the sensitive layer being a hydrophobic, precious-metal-free zeolite of low acidity which has an ordered crystalline structure of primary-pores whose diameter is of the magnitude of the gas-kinetic diameter of NH.sub.3.

Abstract: A process for removing NO from exhaust in which NO-containing exhaust is guided to a first electrode on which the NO is anodically oxidized to NO.sup.+, the NO.sup.+ is subsequently transported through an NO.sup.+ -conducting solid electrolyte to a second electrode on which the NO is cathodically reduced.

Abstract: A process is provided for drawing low-boiling volatile components, such as 2-methylbutane, 2,3-dimethylbutane and pentane, out of fuel in a fuel tank of a passenger car or utility vehicle by applying a vacuum to the fuel tank by means of a diaphragm pump; suctioning off the low-boiling volatile components and condensing the low-boiling volatile components under a pressure that is greater than 1.0 bar. The low-boiling volatile components may be stored in a storage tank and used as engine fuel during cold start of the engine or used as a reducing agent for nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas from the engine.

Abstract: The invention provides a gas sensor for selective detection of hydrocarbons in low-oxygen gases, having a capacitive element and a gas-permeable sensitive layer as a dielectric. The sensitive layer is a precious-metal-doped zeolite which has a regular crystalline structure made of primary pores whose diameter is in the order of the gas-kinetic diameter of the gas molecules to be detected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a Pt/zeolite catalyst material, the material itself, and the use of the material in removing carbon monoxide from a gas. In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a process for preparing a Pt/zeolite catalyst material for the catalytic removal of CO in H.sub.2 -rich gas by means of selective CO oxidation and the use of such a catalyst material. The catalyst materials of the invention can be prepared by employing Pt(NH.sub.3).sub.4 Cl.sub.2.H.sub.2 O and a zeolite material. The resulting material can be used for the catalytic removal of CO from an H.sub.2 -rich outlet gas mixture from a methanol reforming reactor. The compositions and methods to produce catalytic materials result in products with high and prolonged catalyst activity. In particular, the methods and compositions of the invention can be used in removing CO from the hydrogen fed to fuel cells in electric vehicles having stored methanol fuel.