Abstract: It is provided a method for managing radio bearer traffic between radio network nodes. The method is performed in a first radio network node and comprises the steps of: establishing a peer connection with a peer radio network node, the peer connection comprising a tunnel; ensuring a routing table of the first radio network node contains entries for each one of a local set of UEs attached to the first radio network node; transmitting an output route update message indicating that each one of the local set of UEs is attached to the first radio network node; receiving an input route update message from the peer radio network node, the input route update message indicating that each one in a peer set of UEs is attached to the peer radio network node; adjusting the routing table based on the peer set of UEs; and routing radio bearer traffic.

Abstract: A method for creating a tamper-evident digital content. The method includes receiving a portion of the digital content at a computing device. The method further includes encrypting the portion of the digital content by the computing device when the portion of the digital content is selected for proof-of-verification. The method further includes sending the encrypted portion of the digital content from the computing device to a distributed ledger system. The method further includes retrieving, by the computing device, hash identification data associated with the encrypted portion of the digital content from the distributed ledger system. The method further includes creating, by the computing device, an updated portion of the digital content using the retrieved hash identification data. The method further includes storing the updated portion of the digital content in a storage device by the computing device.

Abstract: A device to implement a method of managing user equipment resource tracking in a visited network using blockchain based smart contracts. The method is implemented by the device in a home network of the user equipment. The method includes receiving notification from the visited network of the user equipment connection request, installing a smart contract for the user equipment into a blockchain, and reporting an identifier for the smart contract to the visited network to enable recording of resource usage of the user equipment to the blockchain and association with the smart contract.

Abstract: There is provided a method for managing power resources of a mobile network application program including application code, the method comprising: assigning a profile to each section of the application code, wherein each profile comprises information indicative of at least one of: a level of energy demand of the respective section, a level of functional priority of the respective section, and a level of accuracy of the functionality associated with the respective section; determining an operation mode for running the application program, wherein the operation mode includes one or more criteria which are to be satisfied by a profile assigned to a section of the application code in order for the respective section to be executed; selecting one or more sections of the application code which satisfy the criteria included in the operation mode; a running the application program by only executing the selected one or more sections.

Abstract: Methods and network systems for enabling a network service for a client belonging to a home network (200) by using at least one Virtual Network Function, VNF (202D) of a Virtualized Infrastructure (202C) in a visited network (202). When requested by the home network, the visited network instantiates (2:10), a nested Virtualized Infrastructure Manager, VIM, (202E) which previously has been onboarded in the visited network and has been selected from a set of predefined VIMs supported by the home network. The visited network also instantiates (2:10) in the nested VIM a VNF package which has been onboarded in the visited network and having software needed to execute the network service. The network service can then be employed using the instantiated VIM and VNF package.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for selectively migrating data of a virtualized network function (VNF) instance from a first administrative domain to a second administrative domain. The data used within a single process of the VNF instance within the first administrative domain is read. The read data comprises marked data and non-marked data. The marked data is overwritten by anonymous data according to a pre-configured policy. The data, comprising said anonymous data and said non-marked data, is transferred to the second administrative domain. The present disclosure allows determining which areas within a process need to be protected.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method performed by a wireless communication device for communicating with a wireless communication network, the network having network slices available for providing wireless access to the device, the network slices having mutually different network capabilities in terms of e.g. latency, bandwidth and reliability. The method comprises receiving, from the network, information on the network capabilities of the network slices, and obtaining a request from an application program of the device for communication resources. The method further comprises obtaining information on network capability preferences of the application program, and selecting one of the network slices for the application program based on the information on capabilities of the network slices and on the information on capability preferences of the application program.

Abstract: A monitoring controller and a method for monitoring network performance are provided. The comprises determining, by a monitoring controller of a first host, a change in a communication between a first and a second application instance by observing application traffic exchanged between the first and second application instance, the first application instance being executed on the first host and the second application instance being executed on a second host. The method further comprises initiating, by the monitoring controller, a monitoring instance in the first host for exchanging test packets between the first host and the second host for monitoring network performance.

Abstract: It is provided a method for managing radio bearer traffic between radio network nodes. The method is performed in a first radio network node and comprises the steps of: establishing a peer connection with a peer radio network node, the peer connection comprising a tunnel; ensuring a routing table of the first radio network node contains entries for each one of a local set of UEs attached to the first radio network node; transmitting an output route update message indicating that each one of the local set of UEs is attached to the first radio network node; receiving an input route update message from the peer radio network node, the input route update message indicating that each one in a peer set of UEs is attached to the peer radio network node; adjusting the routing table based on the peer set of UEs; and routing radio bearer traffic.

Abstract: A method and network device for resource-aware dynamic monitoring of application units is described. Instantiation of a monitoring element is caused. A first usage status of resources is obtained. Configuration parameters of the monitoring element are set based upon the first usage status of the resources. The monitoring element is scheduled based upon the first usage status of the resources. A second usage status of the resources is obtained. A determination is performed of whether to update the monitoring element based upon the second usage status of the resources. Responsive to determining that the monitoring element is to be updated, at least one of the following is performed: (i) updating the one or more configuration parameters of the monitoring element based upon the second usage status of the resources, and (ii) rescheduling the monitoring element based upon the second usage status of the resources.

Abstract: A method and a cloud management node for managing a data processing task requested from a client. An amount of energy needed for executing the data processing task is first estimated and a time period during which the data processing task should be executed is also determined. An energy cost during the determined time period is further obtained. The execution of the data processing task is then scheduled within the determined time period based on the estimated amount of needed energy and the obtained energy cost. This scheduling may thus be done so that the energy cost will be as low as possible while fulfilling the amount of needed energy and execution within the determined time period. The needed energy is finally acquired from an energy source for use when executing the data processing task.

Abstract: A device to implement a method of managing user equipment resource tracking in a visited network using blockchain based smart contracts. The method is implemented by the device in a home network of the user equipment. The method includes receiving notification from the visited network of the user equipment connection request, installing a smart contract for the user equipment into a blockchain, and reporting an identifier for the smart contract to the visited network to enable recording of resource usage of the user equipment to the blockchain and association with the smart contract.

Abstract: Methods and network systems for enabling a network service for a client belonging to a home network (200) by using at least one Virtual Network Function, VNF (202D) of a Virtualized Infrastructure (202C) in a visited network (202). When requested by the home network, the visited network instantiates (2:10), a nested Virtualized Infrastructure Manager, VIM, (202E) which previously has been onboarded in the visited network and has been selected from a set of predefined VIMs supported by the home network. The visited network also instantiates (2:10) in the nested VIM a VNF package which has been onboarded in the visited network and having software needed to execute the network service. The network service can then be employed using the instantiated VIM and VNF package.

Abstract: A method for detecting tampering of a digital content is provided. The method includes receiving a portion of the digital content at a computing device (710). The method further includes encrypting the portion of the digital content by the computing device when the portion of the digital content contains proof-of-verification (720). The method further includes computing a first hash value for the encrypted portion of the digital content by the computing device (730). The method further includes comparing the computed first hash value with a second hash value associated with the portion of the digital content in the computing device, wherein the second hash value is obtained by the computing device from a distributed ledger system (740). The method further includes identifying the evidence of tampering of the digital content when the computed first hash value is not equal to the second hash value (750).

Abstract: A monitoring controller and a method for monitoring network performance are provided. The comprises determining, by a monitoring controller of a first host, a change in a communication between a first and a second application instance by observing application traffic exchanged between the first and second application instance, the first application instance being executed on the first host and the second application instance being executed on a second host. The method further comprises initiating, by the monitoring controller, a monitoring instance in the first host for exchanging test packets between the first host and the second host for monitoring network performance.

Abstract: Optimized complex event processing in a software-defined network is provided. A computing device receives a rule that identifies a source device and an event notification condition. A network inventory structure that identifies a plurality of nodes in the network and corresponding processing capabilities is accessed. A particular datapath node of the plurality of nodes is identified. A packet flow window criterion and a packet operation are determined based on the event notification condition. A particular virtual network function (VNF) of a plurality of VNFs is identified based on the rule. A controller node datapath configuration command that comprises a source device identifier that identifies the source device, the packet flow window criterion, the packet operation, and a VNF identifier that identifies the particular VNF is generated. The controller node datapath configuration command is sent to a controller node of the plurality of nodes.

Abstract: It is disclosed a server node, a virtual container and methods performed therein for establishing a monitoring function monitoring performance metrics of data traffic of a first task container in a virtual environment. The methods comprise instantiating a monitoring function, receiving data traffic, communicated between the first task container and a second task container, which data traffic is mirrored to a monitoring container. The methods also comprise executing the monitoring function monitoring the performance metrics of the mirrored data traffic. Monitoring and task processes are separated, which allows multiple VNFs to share the same monitor reducing overhead. The disclosure allows for an automatic instantiation and configuration of monitor functions deployed in containers, eliminating the need for manual selection of measurement points, and thus reducing operational expenditure.

Abstract: A method and network device for resource-aware dynamic monitoring of application units is described. Instantiation of a monitoring element is caused. A first usage status of resources is obtained. Configuration parameters of the monitoring element are set based upon the first usage status of the resources. The monitoring element is scheduled based upon the first usage status of the resources. A second usage status of the resources is obtained. A determination is performed of whether to update the monitoring element based upon the second usage status of the resources. Responsive to determining that the monitoring element is to be updated, at least one of the following is performed: (i) updating the one or more configuration parameters of the monitoring element based upon the second usage status of the resources, and (ii) rescheduling the monitoring element based upon the second usage status of the resources.

Abstract: Mechanisms for path continuity determination in an aggregate flow environment. An ingress node and a downstream node for which a path continuity check is desired are determined. The ingress node devolves, from an aggregate flow entry, one or more microflows that comprise packets which are destined for the downstream node. The downstream node is directed to generate corresponding microflows. Each microflow is associated with a continuity set identifier and has one or more timers, such as an idle timer and/or a hard timeout timer. Upon timeout of one of the timers, the ingress node and the downstream node send a microflow termination message that contains the continuity set identifier to a controller node. The controller node determines a path continuity status between the ingress node and the downstream node based on a receipt of one or more microflow termination messages from the ingress node and the downstream node.

Abstract: A method and a cloud management node for managing a data processing task requested from a client. An amount of energy needed for executing the data processing task is first estimated and a time period during which the data processing task should be executed is also determined. An energy cost during the determined time period is further obtained. The execution of the data processing task is then scheduled within the determined time period based on the estimated amount of needed energy and the obtained energy cost. This scheduling may thus be done so that the energy cost will be as low as possible while fulfilling the amount of needed energy and execution within the determined time period. The needed energy is finally acquired from an energy source for use when executing the data processing task.